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• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler abstract "Adolf Hitler Baptized as an infant, confirmed at the age of fifteen, he ceased to participate in the sacraments in later life. In adulthood, he became disdainful of Christianity, but in power was prepared to delay clashes with the churches out of political considerations. Hitler's architect Albert Speer believed he had "no real attachment" to Catholicism, but that he had not formally left the Church prior to his suicide. The biographer John Toland noted Hitler's anticlericalism, but considered him still in "good standing" with the Church by 1941, while historians such as Ian Kershaw, Joachim Fest and Alan Bullock agree that Hitler was anti-Christian - a view evidenced by sources such as the Goebbels Diaries, the memoirs of Speer, and the transcripts edited by Martin Bormann contained within Hitler's Table Talk. Goebbels wrote in 1941 that Hitler "hates Christianity, because it has crippled all that is noble in humanity." Many historians have come to the conclusion that Hitler's long term aim was the eradication of Christianity in Germany, while others maintain that there is insufficient evidence for such a plan.According to Kershaw, few people could really claim to "know" Hitler, who was "a very private, even secretive individual". Although he was sceptical of religion, he did not present himself to the German public as an atheist. His use of language suggested belief in an "almighty creator", though in private he could be ambiguous. Evans wrote that Hitler repeatedly stated that Nazism was a secular ideology founded on science, which in the long run could not "co-exist with religion" Alan Bullock wrote that Hitler frequently employed the language of "Providence" in defence of his own myth, but ultimately shared with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, a materialist outlook, "based on the nineteenth century rationalists' certainty that the progress of science would destroy all myths and had already proved Christian doctrine to be an absurdity". According to Geoffrey Blainey, when the Nazis became the main opponent of Communism in Germany, Hitler saw Christianity as a temporary ally. He made various public comments against "bolshevistic" atheist movements, and in favour of so-called "Positive Christianity" (a movement which sought to Nazify Christianity by purging it of its Jewish elements, the Old Testament and key doctrines like the Apostle's Creed). In a 1922 speech he said "my feelings as a Christian points me to my Lord and Savior as a fighter." In his semi-autobiographical Mein Kampf (1925/6), he makes a number of religious allusions, claiming to fulfil the will of the "almighty creator" as well as portraying Jesus as a "fighter". Given his hostility to Christianity, Laurence Rees wrote that "The most persuasive explanation of these statements is that Hitler, as a politician, simply recognised the practical reality of the world he inhabited... Had Hitler distanced himself or his movement too much from Christianity it is all but impossible to see how he could ever have been successful in a free election". In Mein Kampf, he declared himself neutral in sectarian matters and supportive of the separation between church and state, and criticised political Catholicism. In it, he presented a nihilistic, Social Darwinist vision, in which the universe is ordered around principles of struggle between weak and strong, rather than on conventional Christian notions. While campaigning for office in the early 1930s, Hitler offered moderate public statements on Christianity, promising not to interfere with the churches if given power, and calling Christianity the foundation of German morality. Kershaw considers that use of such rhetoric served to placate potential criticism from the Church. According to Max Domarus, Hitler had fully discarded belief in the Judeo-Christian conception of God by 1937, but continued to use the word "God" in speeches.In office, the Hitler regime conducted the kirchenkampf Struggle with the Churches. Hitler was wary of open conflict with the churches, but generally permitted or encouraged anti-church radicals such as Himmler, Goebbels and Bormann to conduct their persecutions of the churches. According to Evans, by 1939, 95% of Germans still called themselves Protestant or Catholic, with 3.5% 'Deist' (gottglaubig) and 1.5% atheist - most in these latter categories being "convinced Nazis who had left their Church at the behest of the Party, which had been trying since the mid 1930s to reduce the influence of Christianity in society". The majority of the three million Nazi Party members continued to register as Christians. Hitler angered the churches by appointing the neo-pagan Alfred Rosenberg as official Nazi ideologist. He launched an effort to co-ordinate German Protestants under a unified Protestant Reich Church under the Deutsche Christen movement, but the attempt failed - resisted by the Confessing Church. The Deutsche Christens differed from traditional Christians by rejecting the Hebrew origins of Christianity, preaching of an Aryan Jesus and saying that Saint Paul, as a Jew, had falsified Jesus' message - a theme Hitler repeated in private conversations, including, according to Susannah Heschel, in October 1941, when he made the decision to murder the Jews. From around 1934, Hitler had lost interest in supporting the Deutsche Christen. He moved early to eliminate political Catholicism, while agreeing a Reich concordat with Rome which promised autonomy for the Catholic Church in Germany. His regime routinely violated the treaty, closed all Catholic organisations that weren't strictly religious, and conducted a persecution of the Catholic Church. Smaller religious minorities faced far harsher repression, with the Jews of Germany expelled for extermination on the grounds of racist ideology and Jehovah's Witnesses ruthlessly persecuted for refusing military service, and any allegiance to Hitlerism.The question of Hitler's religious views has attracted a number of studies and considerable debate. Hitler's Table Talk has Hitler often voicing stridently negative views of Christianity. Bullock wrote that Hitler was a rationalist and materialist, who saw Christianity as a religion "fit for slaves", and against the natural law of selection and survival of the fittest. Toland, while noting Hitler's antagonism to the Pope and Church hierarchy, drew links between Hitler's Catholic background and his anti-Semitism. Following meetings with Hitler, General Gerhard Engel and Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber wrote that Hitler was a believer. Kershaw cites Faulhaber's case as an example of Hitler's ability to deceive "even hardened critics". Steigmann-Gall saw a "Christian element" in Hitler's early writings and evidence that he continued to hold Jesus in high esteem as an "Aryan fighter" who struggled against Jewry. Use of the term "positive Christianity" in the Nazi Party Program of the 1920s is commonly regarded as a tactical measure, but Steigmann-Gall believes it may have had an "inner logic" and been "more than a political ploy", though he notes that over time the Nazi movement became "increasingly hostile to the churches". John S Conway considered that Steigmann-Gall's analysis differed from earlier interpretations only by "degree and timing", but that if Hitler's early speeches evidenced a sincere appreciation of Christianity: "this Nazi Christianity was eviscerated of all the most essential orthodox dogmas" leaving only "the vaguest impression combined with anti-Jewish prejudice..." which few would recognise as "true Christianity". Laurence Rees concludes that "Hitler's relationship in public to Christianity - indeed his relationship to religion in general - was opportunistic. There is no evidence that Hitler himself, in his personal life, ever expressed any individual belief in the basic tenets of the Christian church".".
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• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler subject Category:Religion_in_Nazi_Germany.
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler subject Category:Religious_views_by_individual.
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• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler comment "Adolf Hitler Baptized as an infant, confirmed at the age of fifteen, he ceased to participate in the sacraments in later life. In adulthood, he became disdainful of Christianity, but in power was prepared to delay clashes with the churches out of political considerations. Hitler's architect Albert Speer believed he had "no real attachment" to Catholicism, but that he had not formally left the Church prior to his suicide.".
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler label "Opiniones religiosas de Adolf Hitler".
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler label "Religious views of Adolf Hitler".
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler label "Visão religiosa de Adolf Hitler".
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler label "Религиозные взгляды Адольфа Гитлера".
• Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler label "معتقدات هتلر الدينية".
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