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- Ruff abstract "The Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia. This highly gregarious sandpiper is migratory and sometimes forms huge flocks in its winter grounds, which include southern and western Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australia. It is usually considered to be the only member of its genus, and the Broad-billed and Sharp-tailed Sandpipers are its closest relatives.The Ruff is a long-necked, pot-bellied bird. This species shows marked sexual dimorphism; the male is much larger than the female (the reeve), and has a breeding plumage that includes brightly coloured head tufts, bare orange facial skin, extensive black on the breast, and the large collar of ornamental feathers that inspired this bird's English name. The female and the non-breeding male have grey-brown upperparts and mainly white underparts. Three differently plumaged types of male, including a rare form that mimics the female, use a variety of strategies to obtain mating opportunities at a lek, and the colourful head and neck feathers are erected as part of the elaborate main courting display. The female has one brood per year and lays four eggs in a well-hidden ground nest, incubating the eggs and rearing the chicks, which are mobile soon after hatching, on her own. Predators of wader chicks and eggs include mammals such as foxes, feral cats and stoats, and birds such as large gulls, corvids and skuas.The Ruff forages in wet grassland and soft mud, probing or searching by sight for edible items. It primarily feeds on insects, especially in the breeding season, but it will consume plant material, including rice and maize, on migration and in winter. Classified as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List criteria, the global conservation concerns are relatively low because of the large numbers that breed in Scandinavia and the Arctic. However, the range in much of Europe is contracting because of land drainage, increased fertiliser use, the loss of mown or grazed breeding sites, and over-hunting. This decline has seen it listed in the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA).".
- Ruff binomialAuthority Carl_Linnaeus.
- Ruff class Bird.
- Ruff conservationStatus "LC".
- Ruff conservationStatusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Ruff family Sandpiper.
- Ruff kingdom Animal.
- Ruff order Charadriiformes.
- Ruff phylum Chordate.
- Ruff thumbnail Philomachus_pugnax_-Diergaarde_Blijdorp-8c.jpg?width=300.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink carolilinnaeisys11linn.pdf.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink britishzoology02penn.pdf.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink 284.pdf.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink 6208400.htm.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink imagespage.php?spec=1047&fl=P.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink Strategies.
- Ruff wikiPageExternalLink 191_RuffPpugnax.pdf.
- Ruff wikiPageID "350073".
- Ruff wikiPageRevisionID "606294887".
- Ruff binomial "Philomachus pugnax".
- Ruff classis Bird.
- Ruff familia Sandpiper.
- Ruff genus "Philomachus".
- Ruff genusAuthority "Merrem, 1804".
- Ruff hasPhotoCollection Ruff.
- Ruff image "Ruff female RWD.jpg".
- Ruff image2Caption "Breeding female".
- Ruff image2Width "300".
- Ruff imageAlt "Two male Ruff in breeding plumage each with prominent neck feathers, white underparts, and flanks blotched with black. One has a white neck collar of feathers and the other has a colour that is almost entirely very dark brown.".
- Ruff imageCaption "Males in breeding plumage in the Netherlands".
- Ruff imageWidth "300".
- Ruff name "Ruff".
- Ruff ordo Charadriiformes.
- Ruff phylum Chordate.
- Ruff rangeMap "Philomachuspugnaxmap.png".
- Ruff rangeMapAlt "Generally Ruffs migrate north and breed in the northern hemisphere from about May to August, and generally at the end of the breeding season they migrate south and spend several months the Sub-Tropics before migrating north again".
- Ruff rangeMapWidth "250".
- Ruff regnum "Animalia".
- Ruff species "P. pugnax".
- Ruff status "LC".
- Ruff statusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Ruff subject Category:Animals_described_in_1758.
- Ruff subject Category:Birds_of_Africa.
- Ruff subject Category:Birds_of_Asia.
- Ruff subject Category:Birds_of_Australia.
- Ruff subject Category:Birds_of_Europe.
- Ruff subject Category:Birds_of_Turkey.
- Ruff subject Category:British_Isles_coastal_fauna.
- Ruff subject Category:Monotypic_bird_genera.
- Ruff subject Category:Philomachus.
- Ruff subject Category:Wading_birds.
- Ruff type Animal.
- Ruff type Bird.
- Ruff type Eukaryote.
- Ruff type Species.
- Ruff type Animal.
- Ruff type BiologicalLivingObject.
- Ruff type Bird.
- Ruff type EukaryoticCell.
- Ruff type Organism.
- Ruff comment "The Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia. This highly gregarious sandpiper is migratory and sometimes forms huge flocks in its winter grounds, which include southern and western Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australia. It is usually considered to be the only member of its genus, and the Broad-billed and Sharp-tailed Sandpipers are its closest relatives.The Ruff is a long-necked, pot-bellied bird.".
- Ruff label "Batalion (ptak)".
- Ruff label "Combatente".
- Ruff label "Combattant varié".
- Ruff label "Kampfläufer".
- Ruff label "Kemphaan".
- Ruff label "Philomachus pugnax".
- Ruff label "Philomachus pugnax".
- Ruff label "Ruff".
- Ruff label "Турухтан".
- Ruff label "دريجة شرسة".
- Ruff label "エリマキシギ".
- Ruff label "流苏鹬".
- Ruff sameAs Jespák_bojovný.
- Ruff sameAs Kampfläufer.
- Ruff sameAs Philomachus_pugnax.
- Ruff sameAs Philomachus_pugnax.
- Ruff sameAs Borrokalari_(hegaztia).
- Ruff sameAs 1206.
- Ruff sameAs Combattant_varié.
- Ruff sameAs Philomachus_pugnax.
- Ruff sameAs エリマキシギ.
- Ruff sameAs 목도리도요.
- Ruff sameAs oA3r9.
- Ruff sameAs Kemphaan.
- Ruff sameAs Batalion_(ptak).
- Ruff sameAs Combatente.
- Ruff sameAs m.01z4pr.
- Ruff sameAs Q26411.
- Ruff sameAs Q26411.
- Ruff wasDerivedFrom Ruff?oldid=606294887.
- Ruff depiction Philomachus_pugnax_-Diergaarde_Blijdorp-8c.jpg.
- Ruff isPrimaryTopicOf Ruff.
- Ruff name "Ruff".
