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- Rumford_Prize abstract "Founded in 1796, the Rumford Prize, awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. The prize recognizes contributions by scientists to the fields of heat and light. These terms are widely interpreted; awards range from discoveries in thermodynamics to improvements in the construction of steam boilers.The award was created through the endowment of US$5,000 to the Academy by Benjamin Thompson, who held the title "Count Rumford of the United Kingdom", in 1796. The terms state that the award be given to "authors of discoverie's in any part of the Continent of America, or in any of the American islands". Although it was founded in 1796, the first prize was not given until 1839, as the academy could not find anyone who, in their judgement, deserved the award. The academy found the terms of the prize to be too restrictive, and in 1832 the Supreme Court of Massachusetts allowed the Academy to change some of the provisions; mainly, the award was to be given annually instead of biennially, and the Academy was allowed to award the prize as it saw fit, whereas before it had to give it yearly. The first award was given to Robert Hare, for his invention of the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, in 1839. Twenty-three years elapsed before the award was given a second time, to John Ericsson.The prize is awarded whenever the academy recognizes a significant achievement in either of the two fields. It has been given 62 times to 79 individuals, and once to a tri-group committee of 21 people. Awardees receive a gold-and-silver medal. Previous prizewinners include Thomas Alva Edison, for his investigations in electric lighting; Enrico Fermi, for his studies of radiation theory and nuclear energy; and Charles H. Townes, for his development of the laser. One man, Samuel Pierpont Langley, has won both the Rumford Prize and the related Rumford Medal (the European equivalent of the Rumford Prize), both in 1886. Because the prize is awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, all of the recipients are American, except for one, John Stanley Plaskett, who is from British Columbia. The most recent award was given in 2008 to Sidney D. Drell, Sam Nunn, William J. Perry, and George P. Shultz "for their efforts to reduce the global threat of nuclear weapons".".
- Rumford_Prize thumbnail Benjamin_Thompson.jpg?width=300.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageExternalLink prizes.aspx.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageExternalLink groups.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageID "846152".
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageRevisionID "540712379".
- Rumford_Prize alt "A sharp-chinned man wearing a white powdered wig".
- Rumford_Prize caption "Benjamin Thompson, whose grant paid for the formation of the Rumford Prize".
- Rumford_Prize country "United States".
- Rumford_Prize description "For contributions to the fields of heat and light".
- Rumford_Prize hasPhotoCollection Rumford_Prize.
- Rumford_Prize imagesize "150".
- Rumford_Prize presenter American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.
- Rumford_Prize website prizes.aspx.
- Rumford_Prize year "1839".
- Rumford_Prize year "2008".
- Rumford_Prize subject Category:1796_establishments_in_the_United_States.
- Rumford_Prize subject Category:Science_and_engineering_awards.
- Rumford_Prize type Abstraction100002137.
- Rumford_Prize type Award106696483.
- Rumford_Prize type Communication100033020.
- Rumford_Prize type Signal106791372.
- Rumford_Prize type Symbol106806469.
- Rumford_Prize type Award.
- Rumford_Prize type AwardPractice.
- Rumford_Prize type Description.
- Rumford_Prize comment "Founded in 1796, the Rumford Prize, awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. The prize recognizes contributions by scientists to the fields of heat and light.".
- Rumford_Prize label "Premio Rumford".
- Rumford_Prize label "Premio Rumford".
- Rumford_Prize label "Prix Rumford".
- Rumford_Prize label "Prêmio Rumford".
- Rumford_Prize label "Rumford Prize".
- Rumford_Prize label "Rumford-Preis".
- Rumford_Prize label "Rumford-Prijs".
- Rumford_Prize label "ランフォード賞".
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Rumford-Preis.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Premio_Rumford.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Prix_Rumford.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Premio_Rumford.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs ランフォード賞.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Rumford-Prijs.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Prêmio_Rumford.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs m.03gl56.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Q2096481.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Q2096481.
- Rumford_Prize sameAs Rumford_Prize.
- Rumford_Prize wasDerivedFrom Rumford_Prize?oldid=540712379.
- Rumford_Prize depiction Benjamin_Thompson.jpg.
- Rumford_Prize homepage prizes.aspx.
- Rumford_Prize isPrimaryTopicOf Rumford_Prize.
