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Slow_loris abstract "Slow lorises are a group of several species of strepsirrhine primates which make up the genus Nycticebus. Found in South and Southeast Asia, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west to the Philippines in the east, and from the Yunnan province in China in the north to the island of Java in the south. Although many previous classifications recognized as few as a single all-inclusive species, there are now at least eight that are considered valid: the Sunda slow loris (N. coucang), Bengal slow loris (N. bengalensis), pygmy slow loris (N. pygmaeus), Javan slow loris (N. javanicus), Bornean slow loris (N. menagensis), N. bancanus, N. borneanus, and N. kayan. The group's closest relatives are other lorisids, such as slender lorises, pottos, false pottos, and angwantibos. They are also closely related to the remaining lorisoids (the various types of galago), as well as the lemurs of Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is uncertain since their fossil record is patchy and molecular clock studies have given inconsistent results.Slow lorises have a round head, narrow snout, large eyes, and a variety of distinctive coloration patterns that are species-dependent. Their arms and legs are nearly equal in length, and their trunk is long, allowing them to twist and extend to nearby branches. The hands and feet of slow lorises have several adaptations that give them a pincer-like grip and enable them to grasp branches for long periods of time. Slow lorises have a toxic bite, a trait rare among mammals and unique to lorisid primates. The toxin is produced by licking a gland on their arm, and the secretion mixes with its saliva to activate it. Their toxic bite is a deterrent to predators, and the toxin is also applied to the fur during grooming as a form of protection for their infants. They move slowly and deliberately, making little or no noise, and when threatened, they stop moving and remain immobile. Their only documented predators—apart from humans—include snakes, hawk-eagles and orangutans, although cats, civets and sun bears are suspected. Little is known about their social structure, but they are known to communicate by scent marking. Males are highly territorial. Slow lorises reproduce slowly, and the infants are initially parked on branches or carried by either parent. They are omnivores, eating small animals, fruit, tree gum, and other vegetation.Each of the slow loris species that had been identified prior to 2012 are listed as either "Vulnerable" or "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List. The three newest species are yet to be evaluated, but they arise from (and further reduce the ranks of) what was thought to be a single "Vulnerable" species. All four of these are expected to be listed with at least the same, if not a higher-risk, conservation status. All slow lorises are threatened by the wildlife trade and habitat loss. Although their habitat is rapidly disappearing and becoming fragmented, making it nearly impossible for slow lorises to disperse between forest fragments, unsustainable demand from the exotic pet trade and from traditional medicine has been the greatest cause for their decline. Deep-rooted beliefs about the supernatural powers of slow lorises, such as their purported abilities to ward off evil spirits or to cure wounds, have popularized their use in traditional medicine. Despite local laws prohibiting trade in slow lorises and slow loris products, as well as protection from international commercial trade under Appendix I, slow lorises are openly sold in animal markets in Southeast Asia and smuggled to other countries, such as Japan. They have also been popularized as pets in viral videos on YouTube. Slow lorises have their teeth cut or pulled out for the pet trade, and often die from infection, blood loss, poor handling, or poor nutrition.".
Slow_loris class Mammal.
Slow_loris conservationStatus "CITES_A1".
Slow_loris conservationStatusSystem "CITES".
Slow_loris family Loris.
Slow_loris family Lorisidae.
Slow_loris kingdom Animal.
Slow_loris order Primate.
Slow_loris phylum Chordate.
Slow_loris synonym "* Bradycebus (É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier 1820: (nomen nudum))".
Slow_loris synonym "* Bradylemur (de Blainville 1839)".
Slow_loris synonym "* Lori (Lacépède 1799)".
Slow_loris synonym "* Loris (É. Geoffroy 1796)".
Slow_loris synonym "* Stenops (Illiger 1811)".
Slow_loris synonym "* Tardigradus (Boddaert 1784: (preoccupied)".
Slow_loris thumbnail Nycticebus_coucang_002.jpg?width=300.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink Gursky%202008b.pdf.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 10100678.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 1up.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 27792212.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 1up.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=0u4NAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA68.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=FI0YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=GPkbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA136.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=fXc-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA67.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=rrLlB6mBQOYC&pg=RA1-PA25.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink books?id=unODoWa7CM4C&printsec=frontcover.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink dokserv?idn=966021282&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=966021282.pdf.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink slow-loris.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink nocturama.org.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink slow_loris.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 2up.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink get-pdf?idno=m7603a04;c=ctz.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink Caudal.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink Saving+the+slow+loris.html.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink page=7.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink page=10.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink feature1.php.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink www.loris-conservation.org.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink APJ1.1.bengalensis.pdf.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink loris-trade-not-so-slow.html.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 5vc6Jc13z.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 5vwR2fDm8.
Slow_loris wikiPageExternalLink 5w1Asy2fc.
Slow_loris wikiPageID "1263998".
Slow_loris wikiPageRevisionID "606389692".
Slow_loris align "left".
Slow_loris align "right".
Slow_loris book "Slow loris".
Slow_loris classis "Mammalia".
Slow_loris colwidth "25".
Slow_loris commons "y".
Slow_loris commonsSearch "Nycticebus".
Slow_loris familia Lorisidae.
Slow_loris genus "Nycticebus".
Slow_loris genusAuthority "É. Geoffroy, 1812".
Slow_loris hasPhotoCollection Slow_loris.
Slow_loris imageCaption Sunda_slow_loris.
Slow_loris imageCaption "Nycticebus coucang".
Slow_loris lower "2.1".
Slow_loris name "Slow lorises".
Slow_loris ordo "Primates".
Slow_loris phylum Chordate.
Slow_loris portal "Asia".
Slow_loris portal "Primates".
Slow_loris quote "... it had the face of a bear, the hands of a monkey, [and] moved like a sloth ...".
Slow_loris quote "Even the best breeding facilities have great difficulty breeding lorises, and those that do often have difficulty keeping them alive. It is so easy to get access to wild-caught lorises, it is highly doubtful that a seller who claims to have captive-bred ones is telling the truth.".
Slow_loris quoted "1".
Slow_loris rangeMap "Slow loris area.png".
Slow_loris rangeMapAlt "Range map showing ranges of several species: the Sunda slow loris complex in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia; the Bengal slow loris in east India, China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia; and the pygmy slow loris in Vietnam and Laos.".
Slow_loris rangeMapCaption "Distribution of Nycticebus spp.".
Slow_loris rangeMapCaption "brown = N. bancanus, N. borneanus, N. coucang, N. javanicus, N. kayan & N. menagensis".
Slow_loris rangeMapCaption "red = N. pygmaeus; blue = N. bengalensis;".
Slow_loris regnum "Animalia".
Slow_loris source "American zoologist Dean Conant Worcester, describing the Bornean slow loris in 1891.".
Slow_loris source "Primatologist Anna Nekaris, in 2009 discussing the misleading information posted on YouTube.".
Slow_loris species "y".
Slow_loris speciesSearch "Nycticebus".
Slow_loris status "CITES_A1".
Slow_loris statusSystem "CITES".
Slow_loris subdivision "*N. bancanus *N. bengalensis *N. borneanus *N. coucang *†? N. linglom (Mein & Ginsburg, 1997) *N. javanicus (É. Geoffroy, 1812) *N. kayan (Munds, Nekaris & Ford, 2012) *N. menagensis *N. pygmaeus (Bonhote, 1907)".
Slow_loris subdivisionRanks Species.
Slow_loris subfamilia Loris.
Slow_loris synonyms "* Tardigradus (Boddaert 1784: ) * Loris (É. Geoffroy 1796) * Lori (Lacépède 1799) * Stenops (Illiger 1811) * Bradycebus (É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier 1820: ) * Bradylemur (de Blainville 1839)".
Slow_loris title "Closest living relatives of slow lorises".
Slow_loris total "36".
Slow_loris typeSpecies "Lori bengalensis".
Slow_loris typeSpeciesAuthority "Lacépède, 1800".
Slow_loris upper "2.1".
Slow_loris width "25".
Slow_loris subject Category:Lorises_and_galagos.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Bangladesh.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Borneo.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Cambodia.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_China.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_India.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Indonesia.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Laos.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Malaysia.
Slow_loris subject Category:Mammals_of_Thailand.