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• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster abstract "The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger (mission STS-51-L) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida at 11:38 EST (16:38 UTC). Disintegration of the vehicle began after an O-ring seal in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed at liftoff. The O-ring failure caused a breach in the SRB joint it sealed, allowing pressurized hot gas from within the solid rocket motor to reach the outside and impinge upon the adjacent SRB attachment hardware and external fuel tank. This led to the separation of the right-hand SRB's aft attachment and the structural failure of the external tank. Aerodynamic forces broke up the orbiter.The crew compartment and many other vehicle fragments were eventually recovered from the ocean floor after a lengthy search and recovery operation. The exact timing of the death of the crew is unknown; several crew members are known to have survived the initial breakup of the spacecraft. The shuttle had no escape system, and the impact of the crew compartment with the ocean surface was too violent to be survivable.The disaster resulted in a 32-month hiatus in the shuttle program and the formation of the Rogers Commission, a special commission appointed by United States President Ronald Reagan to investigate the accident. The Rogers Commission found NASA's organizational culture and decision-making processes had been key contributing factors to the accident. NASA managers had known contractor Morton Thiokol's design of the SRBs contained a potentially catastrophic flaw in the O-rings since 1977, but failed to address it properly. They also disregarded warnings (an example of "go fever") from engineers about the dangers of launching posed by the low temperatures of that morning and had failed in adequately reporting these technical concerns to their superiors.What Rogers did not highlight was that the vehicle was never certified to operate in temperatures that low. The O-rings, as well as many other critical components, had no test data to support any expectation of a successful launch in such conditions. Bob Ebeling from Thiokol delivered a biting analysis: "[W]e're only qualified to 40 degrees ...'what business does anyone even have thinking about 18 degrees, we're in no man's land.'"As a result of the disaster, the Air Force decided to cancel its plans to use the Shuttle for classified military satellite launches from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, deciding to use the Titan IV instead.Approximately 17 percent of Americans witnessed the launch live because of the presence of crew member Christa McAuliffe, the first member of the Teacher in Space Project, who would have been the first teacher in space. Media coverage of the accident was extensive: one study reported that 85 percent of Americans surveyed had heard the news within an hour of the accident. The Challenger disaster has been used as a case study in many discussions of engineering safety and workplace ethics.".
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• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster wikiPageID "403717".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster wikiPageRevisionID "605921847".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster caption "Astronauts from a later Shuttle flight stand next to their PEAPs".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster caption "Enlarged detail of the previous picture, the arrow indicating the crew cabin. The nose cone containing the RCS thrusters is missing.".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster caption "Space Shuttle Challenger's smoke plume after its in-flight breakup, resulting in its destruction and the deaths of all seven crew members.".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster caption "The intact crew cabin was seen exiting the cloud by a tracking camera after its trajectory carried it across an adjacent contrail.".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster casualties ", Commander".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster casualties ", Mission Specialist".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster casualties ", Payload Specialist".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster casualties ", Pilot".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster date "1986-01-28".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster direction "vertical".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster hasPhotoCollection Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster image "Challenger breakup cabin.jpg".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster image "Challenger breakup.jpg".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster image "PEAP.jpg".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster inquiries Rogers_Commission_Report.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster outcome "Grounding of the Space Shuttle fleet for nearly three years during which various safety measures, solid rocket booster redesign, and a new policy on management decision-making for future launches were implemented.".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster place "Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of central Florida".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster time "41953.0".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster title "Space Shuttle Challenger disaster".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster width "225".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:1986_in_spaceflight.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:1986_in_the_United_States.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:1986_industrial_disasters.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Accidental_explosion_disasters_in_the_United_States.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1986.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Florida.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Disasters_in_Florida.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Filmed_accidental_deaths.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:History_of_the_United_States_(1980–91).
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Marine_salvage_operations.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Media_coverage_and_representation.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Space_Shuttle_missions.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Space_accidents_and_incidents.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Space_program_fatalities.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Spacecraft_endings.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster subject Category:Transportation_disasters_in_the_United_States.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster point "28.64 -80.28".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type 1986Disasters.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Abstraction100002137.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Accident107301336.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type AccidentalExplosionDisastersInTheUnitedStates.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Action114006945.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Attribute100024264.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type AviationAccidentsAndIncidentsIn1986.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type AviationAccidentsAndIncidentsInFlorida.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Calamity107314838.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Change107296428.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Death107355491.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type DisastersInFlorida.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Event100029378.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Fatality107332956.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Happening107283608.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type MarineSalvageOperations.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Misfortune107304852.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Mishap107314427.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type NewsEvent107400831.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Operation114008806.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type SpaceAccidentsAndIncidents.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type SpaceProgramFatalities.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type State100024720.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type TransportationDisastersInTheUnitedStates.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Trouble107289014.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type ArtificialSatellite.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Satellite.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type Thing.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster type SpatialThing.
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster comment "The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger (mission STS-51-L) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida at 11:38 EST (16:38 UTC). Disintegration of the vehicle began after an O-ring seal in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed at liftoff.".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Accident de la navette spatiale Challenger".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Accidente del transbordador espacial Challenger".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Acidente do ônibus espacial Challenger".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Disastro dello Space Shuttle Challenger".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Katastrofa promu Challenger".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Space Shuttle Challenger disaster".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "Катастрофа шаттла «Челленджер»".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "チャレンジャー号爆発事故".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster label "挑战者号航天飞机灾难".
• Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster sameAs Τραγωδία_του_Τσάλλεντζερ.

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