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• Stephen,_King_of_England abstract "Stephen (c. 1092/6 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois (Old French: Estienne de Blois), was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne in right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda. He was succeeded by Matilda's son, Henry II, the first of the Angevin kings.Stephen was born in the County of Blois in middle France; his father, Count Stephen-Henry, died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother, Adela. Placed into the court of his uncle, Henry I, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. Stephen married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship in 1120; William's death left the succession of the English throne open to challenge. When Henry I died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry of Blois, a powerful ecclesiastic, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry I's daughter, the Empress Matilda.The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy from David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband, Geoffrey of Anjou. In 1138 the Empress's half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. Together with his close advisor, Waleran de Beaumont, Stephen took firm steps to defend his rule, including arresting a powerful family of bishops. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, however, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, which took hold in the south-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, Stephen was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. Stephen was freed only after his wife and William of Ypres, one of his military commanders, captured Robert at the Rout of Winchester, but the war dragged on for many years with neither side able to win an advantage.Stephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne after him. The king attempted to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. In 1153 the Empress's son, Henry FitzEmpress, invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither side's barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. Later in the year Stephen and Henry agreed to the Treaty of Winchester, in which Stephen recognised Henry as his heir in exchange for peace, passing over William, Stephen's second son. Stephen died the following year. Modern historians have extensively debated the extent to which Stephen's personality, external events, or the weaknesses in the Norman state contributed to this prolonged period of civil war.".
• Stephen,_King_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1141".
• Stephen,_King_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1135".
• Stephen,_King_of_England alias "Stephen of Blois".
• Stephen,_King_of_England birthDate "1092".
• Stephen,_King_of_England birthPlace Blois.
• Stephen,_King_of_England birthYear "1092".
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathDate "1154".
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathDate "1154-10-25".
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathPlace Dover.
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathPlace Kent.
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathYear "1154".
• Stephen,_King_of_England parent Adela_of_Normandy.
• Stephen,_King_of_England parent Stephen,_Count_of_Blois.
• Stephen,_King_of_England predecessor Henry_I_of_England.
• Stephen,_King_of_England restingPlace Faversham_Abbey.
• Stephen,_King_of_England restingPlace Kent.
• Stephen,_King_of_England spouse Matilda_of_Boulogne.
• Stephen,_King_of_England successor Empress_Matilda.
• Stephen,_King_of_England thumbnail Stepan_Blois.jpg?width=300.
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• Stephen,_King_of_England wikiPageID "28953".
• Stephen,_King_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "606151987".
• Stephen,_King_of_England after Empress_Matilda.
• Stephen,_King_of_England alternativeNames "Stephen of Blois".
• Stephen,_King_of_England as "Lady of the English".
• Stephen,_King_of_England before Empress_Matilda.
• Stephen,_King_of_England before Henry_I_of_England.
• Stephen,_King_of_England birthDate "c. 1092 or 1096".
• Stephen,_King_of_England birthPlace "Blois, France".
• Stephen,_King_of_England colwidth "30".
• Stephen,_King_of_England coronation "1135-12-26".
• Stephen,_King_of_England dateOfBirth "1092".
• Stephen,_King_of_England dateOfDeath "1154".
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathDate "1154-10-25".
• Stephen,_King_of_England deathPlace "Dover, Kent".
• Stephen,_King_of_England father Stephen,_Count_of_Blois.
• Stephen,_King_of_England group ""nb"".
• Stephen,_King_of_England hasPhotoCollection Stephen,_King_of_England.
• Stephen,_King_of_England house Counts_of_Blois.
• Stephen,_King_of_England imgw "218".
• Stephen,_King_of_England issue "* Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne * Matilda de Beaumont * Marie I, Countess of Boulogne * Baldwin of Blois * William I, Count of Boulogne".
• Stephen,_King_of_England issueLink "#Issue".
• Stephen,_King_of_England issuePipe "Illegitimate children".
• Stephen,_King_of_England mother Adela_of_Normandy.
• Stephen,_King_of_England name "Stephen".
• Stephen,_King_of_England placeOfBirth "Blois, France".
• Stephen,_King_of_England placeOfBurial "Faversham Abbey, Kent".
• Stephen,_King_of_England placeOfDeath "Dover, Kent".
• Stephen,_King_of_England predecessor Empress_Matilda.
• Stephen,_King_of_England predecessor Henry_I_of_England.
• Stephen,_King_of_England regent Matilda_of_Boulogne.
• Stephen,_King_of_England reign "--10-25".
• Stephen,_King_of_England reign "--12-22".
• Stephen,_King_of_England rows "2".
• Stephen,_King_of_England shortDescription "King of England".
• Stephen,_King_of_England spouse Matilda_of_Boulogne.
• Stephen,_King_of_England styles "* King of the English, Duke of the Normans * Count of Boulogne * Count of Mortain".
• Stephen,_King_of_England succession List_of_English_monarchs.
• Stephen,_King_of_England succession "King of England".
• Stephen,_King_of_England successor Empress_Matilda.
• Stephen,_King_of_England successor Henry_II_of_England.
• Stephen,_King_of_England title County_of_Boulogne.
• Stephen,_King_of_England title Duke_of_Normandy.
• Stephen,_King_of_England title List_of_English_monarchs.
• Stephen,_King_of_England type "monarch".
• Stephen,_King_of_England years "--10-25".
• Stephen,_King_of_England years "--12-22".
• Stephen,_King_of_England years "1125".
• Stephen,_King_of_England years "1135".
• Stephen,_King_of_England description "King of England".
• Stephen,_King_of_England description "King of England".
• Stephen,_King_of_England subject Category:1090s_births.
• Stephen,_King_of_England subject Category:1154_deaths.

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