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• Stuttering abstract "Stuttering (/ˈstʌtərɪŋ/; alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (/ˈstæmərɪŋ/; alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by people who stutter as blocks, and the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels or semivowels. For many people who stutter, repetition is the primary problem. Blocks and prolongations are learned mechanisms to mask repetition, as the fear of repetitive speaking in public is often the main cause of psychological unease. The term "stuttering" covers a wide range of severity, encompassing barely perceptible impediments that are largely cosmetic to severe symptoms that effectively prevent oral communication.The impact of stuttering on a person's functioning and emotional state can be severe. This may include fears of having to enunciate specific vowels or consonants, fears of being caught stuttering in social situations, self-imposed isolation, anxiety, stress, shame, being a possible target of bullying (especially in children), having to use word substitution and rearrange words in a sentence to hide stuttering, or a feeling of "loss of control" during speech. Stuttering is sometimes popularly seen as a symptom of anxiety, but there is actually no direct correlation in that direction (though as mentioned the inverse can be true, as social anxiety may actually develop in individuals as a result of their stuttering, manifesting at its peak if one has just stuttered in a situation or manner the stutterer believes especially unfortunate; as the spike in anxiety can be near-instantaneous, often becoming apparent in mid-syllable, a casual observer will tend to mistake the effect for the cause).[citation needed]Stuttering is generally not a problem with the physical production of speech sounds or putting thoughts into words. Acute nervousness and stress do not cause stuttering but they can trigger stuttering in people who have the speech disorder, and living with a highly stigmatized disability can result in anxiety and high allostatic stress load (i.e., chronic nervousness and stress) that reduce the amount of acute stress necessary to trigger stuttering in any given person who stutters, exacerbating the problem in the manner of a positive feedback system; the name 'stuttered speech syndrome' has been proposed for this condition. Neither acute nor chronic stress, however, itself creates any predisposition to stuttering.The disorder is also variable, which means that in certain situations, such as talking on the telephone or in a large group, the stuttering might be more severe or less, depending on whether or not the stutterer is self-conscious about their stuttering. Stutterers often find that their stuttering fluctuates and that they have "good" days, "bad" days and "stutter-free" days. The times in which their stuttering fluctuates can be random. Although the exact etiology, or cause, of stuttering is unknown, both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute. There are many treatments and speech therapy techniques available that may help increase fluency in some people who stutter to the point where an untrained ear cannot identify a problem; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present. The severity of the person's stuttering would correspond to the amount of speech therapy needed to increase fluency. For severe stuttering, long-term therapy and hard work will be required to increase fluency.".
• Stuttering icd10 "F98.5".
• Stuttering icd9 "307.0".
• Stuttering medlineplus "001427".
• Stuttering meshId "D013342".
• Stuttering omim "184450".
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink All_India_Institute_of_Speech_and_Hearing.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink search.tkl?field_query1=pubid&query1=med_1035&recordformat=display.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink Per_Alm_Paper_II.pdf.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink stuttering.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink mondlin.html.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink stutter.aspx.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink adther.html.
• Stuttering wikiPageExternalLink Churchill.htm.
• Stuttering wikiPageID "28394".
• Stuttering wikiPageRevisionID "606716688".
• Stuttering hasPhotoCollection Stuttering.
• Stuttering icd "307".
• Stuttering icd "F98.5".
• Stuttering medlineplus "1427".
• Stuttering meshid "D013342".
• Stuttering name "Stuttering".
• Stuttering omim "184450".
• Stuttering wordnet_type synset-disease-noun-1.
• Stuttering subject Category:Dyslexia.
• Stuttering subject Category:Emotional_and_behavioral_disorders_in_childhood_and_adolescence.
• Stuttering subject Category:Psychiatric_diagnosis.
• Stuttering subject Category:Speech_impediments.
• Stuttering type Abstraction100002137.
• Stuttering type Attribute100024264.
• Stuttering type Cognition100023271.
• Stuttering type CognitiveFactor105686481.
• Stuttering type Condition113920835.
• Stuttering type Difficulty105686955.
• Stuttering type Disease114070360.
• Stuttering type Hindrance105689249.
• Stuttering type IllHealth114052046.
• Stuttering type Illness114061805.
• Stuttering type PathologicalState114051917.
• Stuttering type PhysicalCondition114034177.
• Stuttering type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Stuttering type SpeechImpediments.
• Stuttering type State100024720.
• Stuttering type Disease.
• Stuttering type AilmentCondition.
• Stuttering type Situation.
• Stuttering comment "Stuttering (/ˈstʌtərɪŋ/; alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (/ˈstæmərɪŋ/; alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds.".
• Stuttering label "Balbuzie".
• Stuttering label "Bégaiement".
• Stuttering label "Disfemia".
• Stuttering label "Jąkanie".
• Stuttering label "Stotteren".
• Stuttering label "Stottern".
• Stuttering label "Stuttering".
• Stuttering label "Tartamudez".
• Stuttering label "Заикание".
• Stuttering label "口吃".
• Stuttering label "吃音症".
• Stuttering sameAs Koktavost.
• Stuttering sameAs Stottern.
• Stuttering sameAs Tartamudez.
• Stuttering sameAs Disfemia.
• Stuttering sameAs Bégaiement.
• Stuttering sameAs Gagap.
• Stuttering sameAs Balbuzie.
• Stuttering sameAs 吃音症.
• Stuttering sameAs 말더듬증.
• Stuttering sameAs Stotteren.
• Stuttering sameAs Jąkanie.
• Stuttering sameAs Disfemia.
• Stuttering sameAs m.070yw.
• Stuttering sameAs Q186676.
• Stuttering sameAs Q186676.
• Stuttering sameAs C0038131.
• Stuttering sameAs C0038506.
• Stuttering sameAs Stuttering.
• Stuttering wasDerivedFrom Stuttering?oldid=606716688.
• Stuttering isPrimaryTopicOf Stuttering.
• Stuttering name "Stuttering".