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• Surface_metrology abstract "Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface waviness and surface roughness are the parameters most commonly associated with the field. It is important to many disciplines and is mostly known for the machining of precision parts and assemblies which contain mating surfaces or which must operate with high internal pressures.Surface metrology is the study of surface geometry, also called surface texture or surface roughness. The approach is to measure and analyze the surface texture in order to be able to understand how the texture is influenced by its history, (e.g., manufacture, wear, fracture) and how it influences its behavior (e.g., adhesion, gloss, friction).Surface texture Surface Texture or Surface Topography is the local deviations of a surface from a perfectly flat plane. The measure of the surface texture is generally determined in terms of its roughness, waviness and form.Surface texture is one of the important factors that control friction and transfer layer formation during sliding. Surface Textures can be isotropic or anisotropic. Sometimes, stick-slip friction phenomena can be observed during sliding depending on surface texture.There are many ways to produce surface textures. They include grinding, polishing, cutting, lapping, blasting, honing, electric discharge machining (EDM), milling, lithography and laser texturing. Surface textures are usually characterized in terms of roughness parameters using a profilometer.Considerable efforts have been made to study the influence of surface texture on friction and wear during sliding conditions.LayExamples of various lay patternsLay is the direction of the predominant surface pattern ordinarily determined by the production method used.Surface roughnessMain article: Surface roughnessSurface roughness commonly shortened to roughness, is a measure of the finely spaced surface irregularities. In engineering, this is what is usually meant by "surface finish".WavinessMain article: WavinessWaviness is the measure of surface irregularities with a spacing greater than that of surface roughness. These usually occur due to warping, vibrations, or deflection during machining.Arithmetic meanIn mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean (pronunciation: /ˌærɪθˈmɛtɪk ˈmiːn/), or simply the mean or average when the context is clear, is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection.[1] The collection is often a set of results of an experiment, or a set of results from a survey. The term "arithmetic mean" is preferred in some contexts in mathematics and statistics because it helps distinguish it from other means such as the geometric mean and the harmonic mean.In addition to mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean is used frequently in fields such as economics, sociology, and history, and it is used in almost every academic field to some extent. For example, per capita income is the arithmetic average income of a nation's population.While the arithmetic mean is often used to report central tendencies, it is not a robust statistic, meaning that it is greatly influenced by outliers (values that are very much larger or smaller than most of the values). Notably, for skewed distributions, such as the distribution of income for which a few people's incomes are substantially greater than most people's, the arithmetic mean may not accord with one's notion of "middle", and robust statistics such as the median may be a better description of central tendency.In a more obscure usage, any sequence of values that form an arithmetic sequence between two numbers x and y can be called "arithmetic means between x and y." Suppose we have a data set containing the values The arithmetic mean is defined by the formula.If the data set is a statistical population (i.e., consists of every possible observation and not just a subset of them), then the mean of that population is called the population mean. If the data set is a statistical sample (a subset of the population) we call the statistic resulting from this calculation a sample mean.The arithmetic mean of a variable is often denoted by a bar, for example as in x (read "x bar"), which is the mean of the n values x1, x2, ..., xn.".
• Surface_metrology wikiPageExternalLink guide.html.
• Surface_metrology wikiPageExternalLink SurfCharJ.html.
• Surface_metrology wikiPageID "2285184".
• Surface_metrology wikiPageRevisionID "606784871".
• Surface_metrology hasPhotoCollection Surface_metrology.
• Surface_metrology subject Category:Metrology.
• Surface_metrology comment "Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface waviness and surface roughness are the parameters most commonly associated with the field.".
• Surface_metrology label "Surface metrology".
• Surface_metrology sameAs m.070x4h.
• Surface_metrology sameAs Q7645991.
• Surface_metrology sameAs Q7645991.
• Surface_metrology wasDerivedFrom Surface_metrology?oldid=606784871.
• Surface_metrology isPrimaryTopicOf Surface_metrology.