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- Synapse abstract "In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise). Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body, yet still communicate with each other, an idea known as the neuron doctrine.The word "synapse" (from Greek synapsis "conjunction," from synaptein "to clasp," from syn- "together" and haptein "to fasten") was introduced in 1897 by English physiologist Michael Foster at the suggestion of English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verrall.Synapses are essential to neuronal function: neurons are cells that are specialized to pass signals to individual target cells, and synapses are the means by which they do so. At a synapse, the plasma membrane of the signal-passing neuron (the presynaptic neuron) comes into close apposition with the membrane of the target (postsynaptic) cell. Both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sites contain extensive arrays of molecular machinery that link the two membranes together and carry out the signaling process. In many synapses, the presynaptic part is located on an axon, but some presynaptic sites are located on a dendrite or soma. Astrocytes also exchange information with the synaptic neurons, responding to synaptic activity and, in turn, regulating neurotransmission.There are two fundamentally different types of synapses:In a chemical synapse, electrical activity in the presynaptic neuron is converted (via the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels) into the release of a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds to receptors located in the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell. The neurotransmitter may initiate an electrical response or a secondary messenger pathway that may either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. Chemical synapses can be classified according to the neurotransmitter released: glutamatergic (excitatory), GABAergic (inhibitory), cholinergic (e.g. vertebrate neuromuscular junction) and adrenergic (releasing norepinephrine). Because of the complexity of receptor signal transduction, chemical synapses can have complex effects on the postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic cell membranes are connected by special channels called gap junctions that are capable of passing electric current, causing voltage changes in the presynaptic cell to induce voltage changes in the postsynaptic cell. The main advantage of an electrical synapse is the rapid transfer of signals from one cell to the next.Synaptic communication is distinct from ephaptic coupling, in which communication between neurons occurs via indirect electric fields.".
- Synapse wikiPageID "5654027".
- Synapse wikiPageRevisionID "602317938".
- Synapse hasPhotoCollection Synapse.
- Synapse subject Category:Cell_signaling.
- Synapse subject Category:Cellular_neuroscience.
- Synapse subject Category:Neurobiology.
- Synapse subject Category:Neurophysiology.
- Synapse subject Category:Signal_transduction.
- Synapse comment "In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise).".
- Synapse label "Sinapse (neurônio)".
- Synapse label "Sinapsi".
- Synapse label "Sinapsis".
- Synapse label "Synaps".
- Synapse label "Synapsa".
- Synapse label "Synapse".
- Synapse label "Synapse".
- Synapse label "Synapse".
- Synapse label "Синапс".
- Synapse label "المشابك العصبية".
- Synapse label "シナプス".
- Synapse label "突触".
- Synapse sameAs Synapse.
- Synapse sameAs Synapse.
- Synapse sameAs Sinapsis.
- Synapse sameAs Sinapsi.
- Synapse sameAs Synapse.
- Synapse sameAs Sinapsis.
- Synapse sameAs Sinapsi.
- Synapse sameAs シナプス.
- Synapse sameAs 시냅스.
- Synapse sameAs Synaps.
- Synapse sameAs Synapsa.
- Synapse sameAs Sinapse_(neurônio).
- Synapse sameAs m.09v182n.
- Synapse sameAs Q187181.
- Synapse sameAs Q187181.
- Synapse wasDerivedFrom Synapse?oldid=602317938.
- Synapse isPrimaryTopicOf Synapse.