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• Synephrine abstract "This article will focus, insofar as possible, on synephrine itself, rather than on the drug mixtures containing it.Synephrine, or, more specifically, p-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, as well as in approved drugs products in form of its m-substituted analog known as neo-synephrine. p-synephrine (or formerly Sympatol and oxedrine [BAN]) and m-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to norepinephrine. This substance is present at very low concentrations in common foodstuffs such as orange juice and other orange (Citrus species) products, both of the "sweet" and "bitter" variety. The preparations used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), also known as Zhi Shi, are the immature and dried whole oranges from Citrus aurantium (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus). Extracts of the same material or purified synephrine are also marketed in the US, sometimes in combination with caffeine, as a weight-loss-promoting dietary supplement for oral consumption. While the traditional preparations have been in use for millennia as a component of TCM-formulas, synephrine itself is not an approved OTC drug. As a pharmaceutical, m-synephrine is still used as a sympathomimetic (i.e. for its hypertensive and vasoconstrictor properties), mostly by injection for the treatment of emergencies such as shock, and rarely orally for the treatment of bronchial problems associated with asthma and hay-fever.It is important to distinguish between studies concerning synephrine as a single chemical entity (and even here it should be borne in mind that synephrine can exist in the form of either of two stereoisomers, d- and l-synephrine, which are chemically and pharmacologically distinct), and synephrine which is mixed with other drugs and/or botanical extracts in a "Supplement", as well as synephrine which is present as only one chemical component in a naturally-occurring mixture of phytochemicals such as the rind or fruit of a bitter orange. Mixtures containing synephrine as only one of their chemical components (regardless of whether these are of synthetic or natural origin) should not be assumed to produce exactly the same biological effects as synephrine alone.In physical appearance, synephrine is a colorless, crystalline solid and is water-soluble. Its molecular structure is based on a phenethylamine skeleton, and is related to those of many other drugs, and to the major neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine.".
• Synephrine iupacName "4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol".
• Synephrine thumbnail Synephrine.svg?width=300.
• Synephrine wikiPageID "1646035".
• Synephrine wikiPageRevisionID "600265005".
• Synephrine align "center".
• Synephrine caption "In humans, catecholamines and phenethylaminergic trace amines are produced from the amino acid phenylalanine. Abbreviations: DBH: Dopamine β-hydroxylase; AADC:Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; AAAH: aromatic amino acid hydroxylase; COMT: Catechol O-methyltransferase; PNMT: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase".
• Synephrine hasPhotoCollection Synephrine.
• Synephrine imagefile "Synephrine.svg".
• Synephrine imagesize "200".
• Synephrine iupacname "4".
• Synephrine othernames "p-synephrine".
• Synephrine subject Category:Alcohols.
• Synephrine subject Category:Alkaloids_found_in_Rutaceae.
• Synephrine subject Category:Alpha-adrenergic_agonists.
• Synephrine subject Category:Human_metabolites.
• Synephrine subject Category:Phenethylamines.
• Synephrine subject Category:Phenols.
• Synephrine subject Category:TAAR1_agonists.
• Synephrine type Abstraction100002137.
• Synephrine type Agent114778436.
• Synephrine type Alcohol107884567.
• Synephrine type Alcohols.
• Synephrine type Beverage107881800.
• Synephrine type CausalAgent100007347.
• Synephrine type Chemical114806838.
• Synephrine type Compound114818238.
• Synephrine type Drug103247620.
• Synephrine type DrugOfAbuse103248958.
• Synephrine type Fluid114939900.
• Synephrine type Food100021265.
• Synephrine type Liquid114940386.
• Synephrine type Material114580897.
• Synephrine type Matter100020827.
• Synephrine type OrganicCompound114727670.
• Synephrine type Part113809207.
• Synephrine type Phenol114989545.
• Synephrine type Phenols.
• Synephrine type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Synephrine type Relation100031921.
• Synephrine type Substance100019613.
• Synephrine type Substance100020090.
• Synephrine type ChemicalCompound.
• Synephrine type ChemicalSubstance.
• Synephrine type DrugProduct.
• Synephrine type ChemicalObject.
• Synephrine type Thing.
• Synephrine comment "This article will focus, insofar as possible, on synephrine itself, rather than on the drug mixtures containing it.Synephrine, or, more specifically, p-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, as well as in approved drugs products in form of its m-substituted analog known as neo-synephrine. p-synephrine (or formerly Sympatol and oxedrine [BAN]) and m-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to norepinephrine.".
• Synephrine label "Sinefrina".
• Synephrine label "Synefryna".
• Synephrine label "Synephrin".
• Synephrine label "Synephrine".
• Synephrine label "シネフリン".
• Synephrine label "辛弗林".
• Synephrine sameAs Synephrin.
• Synephrine sameAs Sinefrina.
• Synephrine sameAs シネフリン.
• Synephrine sameAs Synefryna.
• Synephrine sameAs m.05k8s5.
• Synephrine sameAs Q421351.
• Synephrine sameAs Q421351.
• Synephrine sameAs Synephrine.
• Synephrine wasDerivedFrom Synephrine?oldid=600265005.
• Synephrine depiction Synephrine.svg.
• Synephrine isPrimaryTopicOf Synephrine.