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- Trypanothione abstract "Trypanothione (Mr = 721.86 g/mol) is an unusual form of glutathione containing two molecules of glutathione joined by a spermidine (polyamine) linker. It is found in parasitic protozoa such as leishmania and trypanosomes. These protozoal parasites are the cause of leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease. Trypanothione was discovered by Alan Fairlamb. Its structure was proven by chemical synthesis. It is unique to the Kinetoplastida and not found in other parasitic protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica. Since this thiol is absent from humans and is essential for the survival of the parasites, the enzymes that make and use this molecule are targets for the development of new drugs to treat these diseases.Trypanothione-dependent enzymes include reductases, peroxidases, glyoxalases and transferases. Trypanothione-disulfide reductase (TryR) was the first trypanothione-dependent enzyme to be discovered (EC 1.8.1.12). It is an NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme that reduces trypanothione disulfide. TryR is essential for survival of these parasites both in vitro and in the human host.A major function of trypanothione is in the defence against oxidative stress. Here, trypanothione-dependent enzymes such as tryparedoxin peroxidase (TryP) reduce peroxides using electrons donated either directly from trypanothione, or via the redox intermediate tryparedoxin (TryX). Trypanothione-dependent hydrogen peroxide metabolism is particularly important in these organisms because they lack catalase. Since the trypanosomatids also lack an equivalent of thioredoxin reductase, trypanothione reductase is the sole path that electrons can take from NADPH to these antioxidant enzymes.File:TryP cycle.jpg".
- Trypanothione thumbnail TSH.png?width=300.
- Trypanothione wikiPageExternalLink P28593.
- Trypanothione wikiPageExternalLink SLSBDIV1ahf.htm.
- Trypanothione wikiPageExternalLink O61000.
- Trypanothione wikiPageExternalLink O96438.
- Trypanothione wikiPageID "1165464".
- Trypanothione wikiPageRevisionID "593220365".
- Trypanothione hasPhotoCollection Trypanothione.
- Trypanothione imagefile "TSH.png".
- Trypanothione imagefile "Trypanothione.svg".
- Trypanothione imagefile "Ts2.png".
- Trypanothione imagename "Trypanthione".
- Trypanothione imagesize "270".
- Trypanothione imagesize "280".
- Trypanothione name "Trypanothione".
- Trypanothione othernames "N1,N8-bisspermidine".
- Trypanothione verifiedrevid "444238443".
- Trypanothione subject Category:Peptides.
- Trypanothione subject Category:Thiols.
- Trypanothione type Abstraction100002137.
- Trypanothione type Amide114724264.
- Trypanothione type Chemical114806838.
- Trypanothione type Compound114818238.
- Trypanothione type Material114580897.
- Trypanothione type Matter100020827.
- Trypanothione type OrganicCompound114727670.
- Trypanothione type Part113809207.
- Trypanothione type Peptide114743046.
- Trypanothione type Peptides.
- Trypanothione type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Trypanothione type Relation100031921.
- Trypanothione type Substance100019613.
- Trypanothione type ChemicalCompound.
- Trypanothione type ChemicalSubstance.
- Trypanothione type ChemicalSubstanceType.
- Trypanothione type ChemicalObject.
- Trypanothione type Thing.
- Trypanothione comment "Trypanothione (Mr = 721.86 g/mol) is an unusual form of glutathione containing two molecules of glutathione joined by a spermidine (polyamine) linker. It is found in parasitic protozoa such as leishmania and trypanosomes. These protozoal parasites are the cause of leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease. Trypanothione was discovered by Alan Fairlamb. Its structure was proven by chemical synthesis.".
- Trypanothione label "Trypanothione".
- Trypanothione sameAs Disulfure_de_trypanothion.
- Trypanothione sameAs m.04csf_.
- Trypanothione sameAs Q7848584.
- Trypanothione sameAs Q7848584.
- Trypanothione sameAs DB03470.
- Trypanothione sameAs Trypanothione.
- Trypanothione wasDerivedFrom Trypanothione?oldid=593220365.
- Trypanothione depiction TSH.png.
- Trypanothione isPrimaryTopicOf Trypanothione.
- Trypanothione name "Trypanothione (reduced and oxidized)".
%20is%20an%20unusual%20form%20of%20glutathione%20containing%20two%20molecules%20of%20glutathione%20joined%20by%20a%20spermidine%20(polyamine)%20linker.%20It%20is%20found%20in%20parasitic%20protozoa%20such%20as%20leishmania%20and%20trypanosomes.%20These%20protozoal%20parasites%20are%20the%20cause%20of%20leishmaniasis%2C%20sleeping%20sickness%20and%20Chagas'%20disease.%20Trypanothione%20was%20discovered%20by%20Alan%20Fairlamb.%20Its%20structure%20was%20proven%20by%20chemical%20synthesis.%20It%20is%20unique%20to%20the%20Kinetoplastida%20and%20not%20found%20in%20other%20parasitic%20protozoa%20such%20as%20Entamoeba%20histolytica.%20Since%20this%20thiol%20is%20absent%20from%20humans%20and%20is%20essential%20for%20the%20survival%20of%20the%20parasites%2C%20the%20enzymes%20that%20make%20and%20use%20this%20molecule%20are%20targets%20for%20the%20development%20of%20new%20drugs%20to%20treat%20these%20diseases.Trypanothione-dependent%20enzymes%20include%20reductases%2C%20peroxidases%2C%20glyoxalases%20and%20transferases.%20Trypanothione-disulfide%20reductase%20(TryR)%20was%20the%20first%20trypanothione-dependent%20enzyme%20to%20be%20discovered%20(EC%201.8.1.12).%20It%20is%20an%20NADPH-dependent%20flavoenzyme%20that%20reduces%20trypanothione%20disulfide.%20TryR%20is%20essential%20for%20survival%20of%20these%20parasites%20both%20in%20vitro%20and%20in%20the%20human%20host.A%20major%20function%20of%20trypanothione%20is%20in%20the%20defence%20against%20oxidative%20stress.%20Here%2C%20trypanothione-dependent%20enzymes%20such%20as%20tryparedoxin%20peroxidase%20(TryP)%20reduce%20peroxides%20using%20electrons%20donated%20either%20directly%20from%20trypanothione%2C%20or%20via%20the%20redox%20intermediate%20tryparedoxin%20(TryX).%20Trypanothione-dependent%20hydrogen%20peroxide%20metabolism%20is%20particularly%20important%20in%20these%20organisms%20because%20they%20lack%20catalase.%20Since%20the%20trypanosomatids%20also%20lack%20an%20equivalent%20of%20thioredoxin%20reductase%2C%20trypanothione%20reductase%20is%20the%20sole%20path%20that%20electrons%20can%20take%20from%20NADPH%20to%20these%20antioxidant%20enzymes.File%3ATryP%20cycle.jpg%22%40en){kind=link}
