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- Twa abstract "The Twa are any of several African hunting peoples or castes who live interdependently with agricultural Bantu populations, and who generally hold a socially subordinate position: They provide the farming population with game in exchange for agricultural products. The Bantu term Twa (see) is generally translated as "Pygmy". However, in the Western conception "Pygmies" are short forest people, whereas southern Twa populations do not live in the forest and may not be shorter than the farming/village population, generally not reaching the anthropological definition of "Pygmy" as males averaging less than 150 cm. Outside of the rainforest, the Twa may be taller than the classic Pygmy, and there may be less difference in physical appearance—in some cases none. Nonetheless, the 'despised' relationship between the farmer patron and the hunter client is similar to that of the forest. No Pygmy or Twa population is known to live independently of agriculture, and all live near or in agricultural villages. Agricultural Bantu peoples have settled a number of ecotones (the margins between ecosystems) next to an area that has game but will not support agriculture, such as the edges of the rainforest, open swamp, and desert, and the Twa spend part of the year in the otherwise uninhabited region hunting game, being provided with agricultural food by the farmers while they do so. Roger Blench has proposed that Twa (Pygmies) originated as a caste like they are today, much like the Numu blacksmith castes of West Africa, economically specialized groups which became endogamous and consequently developed into separate ethnic groups, sometimes, as with the Ligbi, with their own languages. A mismatch in language between patron and client could later occur from population displacements. The short stature of the "forest people" could have developed in the few millennia since the Bantu expansion, as also happened with Bantu domestic animals in the rainforest, especially if there was additional selective pressure from farmers taking the tallest women back to the village as wives, as happens today. However, that is incidental to the social identity of the Pygmy/Twa.It is often supposed that the Pygmies were the aboriginal inhabitants of the forest before the advent of agriculture. However, Vansina argues that the original meaning of the (Proto-Bantu) word *Twa was hunter-gatherer ("bushpeople"), and that this became conflated with another root for Twa/Pygmy, *Yaka (as in Ba-Yaka). As the Twa caste developed into full-time hunter-gatherers, the words were conflated, and the ritual role of the absorbed aboriginal peoples was transferred to the Twa.".
- Twa language Bantu_languages.
- Twa related Pygmy_peoples.
- Twa thumbnail Twa_peoples_(Hewlett_&_Fancher).png?width=300.
- Twa totalPopulation "8900667".
- Twa wikiPageExternalLink www.batwaexperience.com.
- Twa wikiPageID "32290377".
- Twa wikiPageRevisionID "592617851".
- Twa group "Twa, Cwa".
- Twa hasPhotoCollection Twa.
- Twa langs Bantu_languages.
- Twa poptime "8900667".
- Twa related Pygmy_peoples.
- Twa subject Category:African_Pygmies.
- Twa subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Angola.
- Twa subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Botswana.
- Twa subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Namibia.
- Twa subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Zambia.
- Twa subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.
- Twa type Abstraction100002137.
- Twa type EthnicGroup107967382.
- Twa type EthnicGroupsInAngola.
- Twa type EthnicGroupsInBotswana.
- Twa type EthnicGroupsInNamibia.
- Twa type EthnicGroupsInTheDemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo.
- Twa type EthnicGroupsInZambia.
- Twa type Group100031264.
- Twa type EthnicGroup.
- Twa type CommunityOrganization.
- Twa type Collective.
- Twa comment "The Twa are any of several African hunting peoples or castes who live interdependently with agricultural Bantu populations, and who generally hold a socially subordinate position: They provide the farming population with game in exchange for agricultural products. The Bantu term Twa (see) is generally translated as "Pygmy".".
- Twa label "Twa".
- Twa sameAs m.0gy1fvj.
- Twa sameAs Q7857394.
- Twa sameAs Q7857394.
- Twa sameAs Twa.
- Twa wasDerivedFrom Twa?oldid=592617851.
- Twa depiction Twa_peoples_(Hewlett_&_Fancher).png.
- Twa isPrimaryTopicOf Twa.
- Twa name "Twa, Cwa".