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- Type_II_supernova abstract "A Type II supernova (plural: supernovae) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least 8 times, and no more than 40–50 times, the mass of the Sun for this type of explosion. It is distinguished from other types of supernovae by the presence of hydrogen in its spectrum. Type II supernovae are mainly observed in the spiral arms of galaxies and in H II regions, but not in elliptical galaxies.Stars generate energy by the nuclear fusion of elements. Unlike the Sun, massive stars possess the mass needed to fuse elements that have an atomic mass greater than hydrogen and helium, albeit at increasingly higher temperatures and pressures, causing increasingly shorter stellar life spans. The degeneracy pressure of electrons and the energy generated by these fusion reactions are sufficient to counter the force of gravity and prevent the star from collapsing, maintaining stellar equilibrium. The star fuses increasingly higher mass elements, starting with hydrogen and then helium, progressing up through the periodic table until a core of iron and nickel is produced. Fusion of iron or nickel produces no net energy output, so no further fusion can take place, leaving the nickel-iron core inert. Due to the lack of energy output allowing outward pressure, equilibrium is broken.When the mass of the inert core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.4 solar masses, electron degeneracy alone is no longer sufficient to counter gravity and maintain stellar equilibrium. A cataclysmic implosion takes place within seconds, in which the outer core reaches an inward velocity of up to 23% of the speed of light and the inner core reaches temperatures of up to 100 billion kelvin. Neutrons and neutrinos are formed via reversed beta-decay, releasing about 1046 joules (100 foes) in a ten-second burst. The collapse is halted by neutron degeneracy, causing the implosion to rebound and bounce outward. The energy of this expanding shock wave is sufficient to accelerate the surrounding stellar material to escape velocity, forming a supernova explosion, while the shock wave and extremely high temperature and pressure briefly allow for theproduction of elements heavier than iron. Depending on initial size of the star, the remnants of the core form a neutron star or a black hole. Because of the underlying mechanism, the resulting nova is also described as a core-collapse supernova.There exist several categories of Type II supernova explosions, which are categorized based on the resulting light curve—a graph of luminosity versus time—following the explosion. Type II-L supernovae show a steady (linear) decline of the light curve following the explosion, whereas Type II-P display a period of slower decline (a plateau) in their light curve followed by a normal decay. Type Ib and Ic supernovae are a type of core-collapse supernova for a massive star that has shed its outer envelope of hydrogen and (for Type Ic) helium. As a result, they appear to be lacking in these elements.".
- Type_II_supernova thumbnail HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg?width=300.
- Type_II_supernova wikiPageID "11009033".
- Type_II_supernova wikiPageRevisionID "606419928".
- Type_II_supernova hasPhotoCollection Type_II_supernova.
- Type_II_supernova subject Category:Supernovae.
- Type_II_supernova type CelestialBody109239740.
- Type_II_supernova type NaturalObject100019128.
- Type_II_supernova type Object100002684.
- Type_II_supernova type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Type_II_supernova type Star109444100.
- Type_II_supernova type Supernova109451237.
- Type_II_supernova type Supernovae.
- Type_II_supernova type Whole100003553.
- Type_II_supernova comment "A Type II supernova (plural: supernovae) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least 8 times, and no more than 40–50 times, the mass of the Sun for this type of explosion. It is distinguished from other types of supernovae by the presence of hydrogen in its spectrum.".
- Type_II_supernova label "II型超新星".
- Type_II_supernova label "II型超新星".
- Type_II_supernova label "Supernova di tipo II".
- Type_II_supernova label "Supernova tipo II".
- Type_II_supernova label "Supernova à effondrement de cœur".
- Type_II_supernova label "Type II supernova".
- Type_II_supernova label "مستعر أعظم، نوع 2".
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Supernova_à_effondrement_de_cœur.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Supernova_di_tipo_II.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs II型超新星.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs II형_초신성.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Supernova_tipo_II.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs m.02qxzvx.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Q1049029.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Q1049029.
- Type_II_supernova sameAs Type_II_supernova.
- Type_II_supernova wasDerivedFrom Type_II_supernova?oldid=606419928.
- Type_II_supernova depiction HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg.
- Type_II_supernova isPrimaryTopicOf Type_II_supernova.
