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• Union_of_Utrecht abstract "The Union of Utrecht (Dutch: Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Twelve Years' Truce in 1609.The treaty was signed on 23 January by Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht (but not all of Utrecht) and the province (but not the city) of Groningen. The treaty was a reaction of the Protestant provinces to the 1579 Union of Arras (Dutch: Unie van Atrecht), in which the southern provinces declared their support for Roman Catholic Spain.During the following months of 1579, other states signed the treaty as well, such as Ghent, cities from Friesland, as well as three of the quarters of Guelders. In the summer of 1579, Amersfoort from the province of Utrecht also joined, together with Ypres, Antwerp, Breda and Brussels. In February 1580, Lier, Bruges and the surrounding area also signed the Union. The city of Groningen shifted in favor under influence of the stadtholder for Friesland, George van Rennenberg, and also signed the treaty. Later on, Zutphen also signed so Guelders (of which Zutphen is one of the quarters) supported the Union completely. This happened in April 1580, as did the signing of Overijssel and Drenthe.This leads to a general and simplified overview of the parts that joined: the County of Holland the County of Zeeland the Lordship of Utrecht the Duchy of Guelders the Lordship of Groningen the Lordship of Friesland the County of Drenthe the Lordship of Overijssel the Duchy of Brabant the County of Flanders the cities of Tournai and ValenciennesFlanders was almost entirely conquered by the Spanish troops, as was half of Brabant. The United Provinces still recognized Spanish rule after the Union of Utrecht. However, the Union contributed to the deterioration in the relationship between the provinces and their lord, and in 1581 the United Provinces declared their independence of the king in the Act of Abjuration.The Twelve Years' Truce of 1609 essentially marked the end of the Dutch struggle for independence and a pause in one of history's longest running conflicts, the Eighty Years' War. As Pieter Geyl puts it, the truce marked "an astonishing victory for the Dutch." They gave up no land and did not agree to halt their attacks on Spanish colonies and the Spanish trade empire. In return the Spanish granted the United Provinces de facto independence by describing them as "Free lands, provinces and states against who they make no claim" for the duration of the truce.".
• Union_of_Utrecht thumbnail 1579_Union_of_Utrecht.svg?width=300.
• Union_of_Utrecht wikiPageExternalLink books?id=K4pJAAAAMAAJ.
• Union_of_Utrecht wikiPageExternalLink Union_Utrecht_1579.html.
• Union_of_Utrecht wikiPageID "54311".
• Union_of_Utrecht wikiPageRevisionID "604961599".
• Union_of_Utrecht hasPhotoCollection Union_of_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:1579_establishments.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:1579_in_Europe.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:1579_in_law.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:16th-century_treaties.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:16th_century_in_the_Netherlands.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:Eighty_Years'_War.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:Former_polities_in_the_Netherlands.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:History_of_Antwerp.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:History_of_Brussels.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:History_of_Utrecht_(city).
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:Political_charters.
• Union_of_Utrecht subject Category:Treaties_of_Flanders.
• Union_of_Utrecht type 16th-centuryTreaties.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Abstraction100002137.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Agreement106770275.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Attribute100024264.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Charter106471737.
• Union_of_Utrecht type CivilOrder113968859.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Communication100033020.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Document106470073.
• Union_of_Utrecht type FormerPolitiesInTheNetherlands.
• Union_of_Utrecht type LegalDocument106479665.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Message106598915.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Order113968547.
• Union_of_Utrecht type PoliticalCharters.
• Union_of_Utrecht type State100024720.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Statement106722453.
• Union_of_Utrecht type TreatiesOfFlanders.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Treaty106773434.
• Union_of_Utrecht type Writing106362953.
• Union_of_Utrecht type WrittenAgreement106771653.
• Union_of_Utrecht type WrittenCommunication106349220.
• Union_of_Utrecht comment "The Union of Utrecht (Dutch: Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain.".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Unia utrechcka 1579".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Unie van Utrecht (1579)".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Union d'Utrecht".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Union of Utrecht".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Unione di Utrecht".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "União de Utrecht".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Unión de Utrecht".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Utrechter Union".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "Утрехтская уния".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "ユトレヒト同盟".
• Union_of_Utrecht label "乌得勒支同盟".
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Utrechter_Union.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Unión_de_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Union_d'Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Uni_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Unione_di_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs ユトレヒト同盟.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs 위트레흐트_동맹.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Unie_van_Utrecht_(1579).
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Unia_utrechcka_1579.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs União_de_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs m.0f5ym.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Q216165.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Q216165.
• Union_of_Utrecht sameAs Union_of_Utrecht.
• Union_of_Utrecht wasDerivedFrom Union_of_Utrecht?oldid=604961599.
• Union_of_Utrecht depiction 1579_Union_of_Utrecht.svg.
• Union_of_Utrecht isPrimaryTopicOf Union_of_Utrecht.