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- Unit_record_equipment abstract "Starting at the end of the nineteenth century, well before the advent of electronic computers, data processing was performed using electromechanical devices called unit record equipment, electric accounting machines (EAM) or tabulating machines. Unit record machines came to be as ubiquitous in industry and government in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century as computers became in the last third. They allowed large volume, sophisticated data-processing tasks to be accomplished before electronic computers were invented and while they were still in their infancy. This data processing was accomplished by processing punched cards through various unit record machines in a carefully choreographed progression. This progression, or flow, from machine to machine was often planned and documented with detailed flowcharts that used standardized symbols for documents and the various machine functions. All but the earliest machines had high-speed mechanical feeders to process cards at rates from around 100 per minute to 2,000 per minute, sensing punched holes with mechanical, electrical, or, later, optical sensors. The operation of many machines was directed by the use of a removable plugboard or control panel. Initially all machines were manual or electromechanical. The first use of an electronic component was in 1940 when a gas triode vacuum tube replaced a relay in an IBM card sorter. Electronic components were used on other machines beginning in the late 1940s.The largest supplier of unit record equipment was IBM and this article largely reflects IBM practice and terminology.".
- Unit_record_equipment thumbnail HollerithMachine.CHM.jpg?width=300.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink A-4060_IBM_Products_1940.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink STARS:Early_Punched_Card_Equipment,_1880_-_1951.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink information_technology_1.htm.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink history.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink history.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink 224-8208-3_Machine_Functions_Mar61.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink A24-1010-0_IBM_Operators_Reference.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink Basic_Data_Processing_1970.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink Card_Equipment_Summary_Aug57.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink F20-0074_An_Introduction_to_IBM_Punched_Card_Data_Processing.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink IBM_Accounting_Course_1949.pdf.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink www.cardamation.com.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink computinghistory.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink baehne.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink calculator.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink collator.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink comrie.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink grosch.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink interpreter.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink reproducer.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink tabulator.html.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink pcaa.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink SYSTEMS_CATALOG_.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink the-books.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink data_processing_machines.htm.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink punchcard.shtm.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink punchcard-collator.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink ibm.html&date=2009-10-26+00:15:26.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=zBeuhyIGe4I.
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageID "851269".
- Unit_record_equipment wikiPageRevisionID "606567890".
- Unit_record_equipment hasPhotoCollection Unit_record_equipment.
- Unit_record_equipment subject Category:IBM_unit_record_equipment.
- Unit_record_equipment subject Category:Punched_card.
- Unit_record_equipment subject Category:UNIVAC_unit_record_equipment.
- Unit_record_equipment subject Category:Unit_record_equipment.
- Unit_record_equipment comment "Starting at the end of the nineteenth century, well before the advent of electronic computers, data processing was performed using electromechanical devices called unit record equipment, electric accounting machines (EAM) or tabulating machines. Unit record machines came to be as ubiquitous in industry and government in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century as computers became in the last third.".
- Unit_record_equipment label "Unit record equipment".
- Unit_record_equipment sameAs m.03h3vp.
- Unit_record_equipment sameAs Q16927915.
- Unit_record_equipment sameAs Q16927915.
- Unit_record_equipment wasDerivedFrom Unit_record_equipment?oldid=606567890.
- Unit_record_equipment depiction HollerithMachine.CHM.jpg.
- Unit_record_equipment isPrimaryTopicOf Unit_record_equipment.
