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- Venera_8 abstract "Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) (manufacturer's designation: 3V (V-72)) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe and lander. Its instrumentation included temperature, pressure, and light sensors as well as an altimeter, gamma ray spectrometer, gas analyzer, and radio transmitters. The spacecraft took 117 days to reach Venus with one mid-course correction on 6 April 1972, separating from the bus (which contained a cosmic ray detector, solar wind detector, and ultraviolet spectrometer) and entering the atmosphere on 22 July 1972 at 08:37 UT. A refrigeration system attached to the bus was used to pre-chill the descent capsule's interior prior to atmospheric entry in order to prolong its life on the surface. Descent speed was reduced from 41,696 km/h to about 900 km/h by aerobraking. The 2.5 meter diameter parachute opened at an altitude of 60 km.Venera 8 transmitted data during the descent. A sharp decrease in illumination was noted at 35 to 30 km altitude and wind speeds of less than 1 km/s were measured below 10 km. Venera 8 landed at 09:32 UT in what is now called Vasilisa Region, within 150 km radius of 10.70°S 335.25°E / -10.70; 335.25, in sunlight, about 500 km from the morning terminator. The lander mass was 495 kg. It continued to send back data for 50 minutes, 11 seconds after landing before failing due to the harsh surface conditions. The probe confirmed the earlier data on the high Venus surface temperature and pressure (470 degrees Celsius, 90 atmospheres) returned by Venera 7, and also measured the light level as being suitable for surface photography, finding it to be similar to the amount of light on Earth on an overcast day with roughly 1 km visibility.Venera 8's photometer measurements showed for the first time that the Venusian clouds end at a high altitude, and the atmosphere was relatively clear from there down to the surface. The on-board gamma ray spectrometer measured the uranium/thorium/potassium ratio of the surface rock, indicating it was similar to granite.".
- Venera_8 cosparId "1972-021A".
- Venera_8 thumbnail Venera_8.jpg?width=300.
- Venera_8 wikiPageExternalLink spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-021A.
- Venera_8 wikiPageExternalLink V_Lavochkin1.htm.
- Venera_8 wikiPageID "1324849".
- Venera_8 wikiPageRevisionID "591783152".
- Venera_8 apsis "helion".
- Venera_8 cosparId "1972".
- Venera_8 hasPhotoCollection Venera_8.
- Venera_8 imageCaption "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 interplanetary "--07-22".
- Venera_8 lastContact "1972-07-22".
- Venera_8 launchDate "--03-17".
- Venera_8 launchRocket Molniya-M.
- Venera_8 launchRocket Blok-MVL.
- Venera_8 launchSite Baikonur_Cosmodrome.
- Venera_8 launchSite Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31.
- Venera_8 manufacturer Lavochkin.
- Venera_8 missionDuration "1.01088E7".
- Venera_8 missionType "Venus lander".
- Venera_8 name "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 orbitReference Heliocentric_orbit.
- Venera_8 satcat "5912".
- Venera_8 spacecraft "4".
- Venera_8 subject Category:1972_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Venera_8 subject Category:Derelict_landers_(spacecraft).
- Venera_8 subject Category:Missions_to_Venus.
- Venera_8 subject Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1972.
- Venera_8 subject Category:Venera_program.
- Venera_8 type ArtificialSatellite.
- Venera_8 type Satellite.
- Venera_8 type Thing.
- Venera_8 comment "Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) (manufacturer's designation: 3V (V-72)) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe and lander. Its instrumentation included temperature, pressure, and light sensors as well as an altimeter, gamma ray spectrometer, gas analyzer, and radio transmitters.".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Venera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Wenera 8".
- Venera_8 label "Венера-8".
- Venera_8 label "فينيرا 8".
- Venera_8 label "ベネラ8号".
- Venera_8 label "金星8號".
- Venera_8 sameAs Veněra_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs ベネラ8号.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Wenera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs Venera_8.
- Venera_8 sameAs m.04swjy.
- Venera_8 sameAs Q251645.
- Venera_8 sameAs Q251645.
- Venera_8 wasDerivedFrom Venera_8?oldid=591783152.
- Venera_8 depiction Venera_8.jpg.
- Venera_8 isPrimaryTopicOf Venera_8.
