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- Vitamin_A abstract "Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal. All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. The orange pigment of carrots (beta-carotene) can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans.Vitamin A can be found in two principal forms in foods:Retinol, the form of vitamin A absorbed when eating animal food sources, is a yellow, fat-soluble substance. Since the pure alcohol form is unstable, the vitamin is found in tissues in a form of retinyl ester. It is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate or palmitate.The carotenes alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene; and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain beta-ionone rings), but no other carotenoids, function as provitamin A in herbivores and omnivore animals, which possess the enzyme (15-15'-dioxygenase) which cleaves beta-carotene in the intestinal mucosa and converts it to retinol. In general, carnivores are poor converters of ionone-containing carotenoids, and pure carnivores such as cats and ferrets lack 15-15'-dioxygenase and cannot convert any carotenoids to retinal (resulting in none of the carotenoids being forms of vitamin A for these species).↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Vitamin_A atcPrefix "V04".
- Vitamin_A atcSuffix "CB01".
- Vitamin_A casNumber "68-26-8".
- Vitamin_A chEBI "17336".
- Vitamin_A drugbank "DB00162".
- Vitamin_A iupacName "(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol (Retinol)".
- Vitamin_A pubchem "445354".
- Vitamin_A thumbnail All-trans-Retinol2.svg?width=300.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink www.a2zproject.org.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink www.hki.org.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink view.asp?x=1.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink search.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink www.unicef.org.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink Vitamin_A_Supplementation.pdf.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink Investing_in_the_future.pdf.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Vitamin_A wikiPageID "54114".
- Vitamin_A wikiPageRevisionID "605487944".
- Vitamin_A atcPrefix "V04".
- Vitamin_A atcSuffix "CB01".
- Vitamin_A c "20".
- Vitamin_A casNumber "68".
- Vitamin_A chebi "17336".
- Vitamin_A chembl "986".
- Vitamin_A chemspiderid "393012".
- Vitamin_A drugbank "DB00162".
- Vitamin_A h "1".
- Vitamin_A h "29".
- Vitamin_A hasPhotoCollection Vitamin_A.
- Vitamin_A image "Retinol 3D ball.png".
- Vitamin_A inchi "1".
- Vitamin_A iupacName "-37".
- Vitamin_A kegg "D03365".
- Vitamin_A legalUs "OTC".
- Vitamin_A molecularWeight "286.4516".
- Vitamin_A niaidChemdb "8876".
- Vitamin_A o "1".
- Vitamin_A pregnancyUs "A".
- Vitamin_A pubchem "445354".
- Vitamin_A smiles "C\C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C1=CCCCC1C".
- Vitamin_A stdinchi "1".
- Vitamin_A stdinchikey "FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N".
- Vitamin_A tradename "Aquasola".
- Vitamin_A verifiedfields "changed".
- Vitamin_A verifiedrevid "442093012".
- Vitamin_A watchedfields "changed".
- Vitamin_A width "177".
- Vitamin_A subject Category:Vitamins.
- Vitamin_A type Food100021265.
- Vitamin_A type Matter100020827.
- Vitamin_A type Nutriment107570720.
- Vitamin_A type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Vitamin_A type Substance100020090.
- Vitamin_A type Vitamin115089258.
- Vitamin_A type Vitamins.
- Vitamin_A type Drug.
- Vitamin_A type FunctionalSubstance.
- Vitamin_A comment "Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision.".
- Vitamin_A label "Vitamin A".
- Vitamin_A label "Vitamin A".
- Vitamin_A label "Vitamina A".
- Vitamin_A label "Vitamina A".
- Vitamin_A label "Vitamine A".
- Vitamin_A label "Witamina A".
- Vitamin_A label "Витамин A".
- Vitamin_A label "فيتامين ألف".
- Vitamin_A label "ビタミンA".
- Vitamin_A label "維生素A".
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamín_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamin_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamina_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs A_bitamina.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamine_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamin_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs ビタミンA.
- Vitamin_A sameAs 비타민_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Witamina_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamina_A.
- Vitamin_A sameAs m.02p0tjr.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Q18225.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Q18225.
- Vitamin_A sameAs DB00162.
- Vitamin_A sameAs Vitamin_A.
- Vitamin_A wasDerivedFrom Vitamin_A?oldid=605487944.
- Vitamin_A depiction All-trans-Retinol2.svg.
- Vitamin_A isPrimaryTopicOf Vitamin_A.