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catalog abstract "There is a very large fund of accumulated knowledge concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on human health. Yet, the information available is not very useful in its crude, unintegrated form. A major goal of this book is to present and analyze the evidence concerning effects of low doses of radiation upon humans, and to demonstrate that a systematic and consistent evaluations of the evidence is now possible, with very useful practical results.".
catalog contributor b198574.
catalog created "c1981.".
catalog date "1981".
catalog date "c1981.".
catalog dateCopyrighted "c1981.".
catalog description "1. Introduction to radiation and human health: -- Whose concerns does this book address? -- An assurance about numbers -- An intention to demystify -- The kinds of practical questions answered in this book -- Full disclosure of how answers were found -- When experts disagree, whom shall we believe?".
catalog description "10. Partial-body irradiation and cancer doses for specific kinds of cancers: -- The evidence supporting a common peak percent for all kinds of cancer: -- Three generalizations about radiation carcinogenesis -- Pitfalls in analyzing the evidence; -- Calculation of various individual-organ cancer doses -- Practical applications of the specific-organ cancer doses -- Assessing risk from multiple-organ and partial-organ irradiation -- The procedure for changing whole-body cancer doses and specific-organ cancer doses if future evidence requires -- Comparison of cancer incidence rates with cancer death rates -- The meaning and calculation of doubling doses.".
catalog description "11. Evidence for a linear or supralinear dose-effect relationship and for the nonexistence of a "threshold" dose: -- Linearity and supralinearity -- Diminishing effect per rad at low doses? -- Protection by dose fractionation: -- The human evidence on dose fractionation -- The myth of slow energy transfer; -- The proposition that there exists a threshold dose: -- The evidence pertaining to existence of a threshold -- The logic against the existence of a threshold; -- Public-health implications.".
catalog description "12. Handling the internal emitters : dosimetry and applications: -- Dosimetry for internally deposited beta-emitters -- Dosimetry for internally deposited alpha-emitters -- Dosimetry for internally deposited gamma-emitters -- Combined radioactive and biological loss from tissue -- Tritium: a radionuclide of public concern.".
catalog description "13. Internal alpha-particle emitters : radium and radon-daughters: -- Cancer production by the famous 226Radium -- Bone cancer from 224/88Radium, another radium nuclide -- Radon carcinogenesis: lung cancer in the uranium miners -- Radon and radon-daughter-product exposure in the general population -- Building materials, ventilation, and exposure to radon and radon-daughter products -- The long-term radon-exposure problem associated with nuclear power -- The lung-cancer hazard for local residents in the vicinity of tailing piles.".
catalog description "14. Biologically important, man-made alpha-particle-emitting nuclides : plutonium and other transuranics: -- Production of the plutonium radionuclides -- Health considerations: the transuranics as a group -- Health hazards of 239Plutonium and of reactor-pu -- Lung-cancer production by plutonium nuclides.".
catalog description "15. Lung cancers already produced by plutonium inhalation: -- The consequences of fallout from atmospheric bomb testing -- Ongoing studies of two sets of workers exposed to plutonium.".
catalog description "16. Plutonium-induced lung cancers in a plutonium energy economy.".
catalog description "17. Likely radiation doses and their effects in a nuclear-power economy.".
catalog description "18. Ionizing-radiation exposures from natural sources, consumer products, and particular occupations: -- Natural sources of ionizing-radiation exposure, and their effects: -- Will home-building materials become an issue? -- Personal versus public-health risk: the genocidal potential of 'small risks' -- Efforts to measure cancer and leukemia produced by natural radiation; -- Industrial and consumer products incorporating radionuclides: -- Two ethical issues -- Proliferating products (a partial listing); -- Occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and their effects: -- Some principles concerning occupational exposure -- Some actual doses reported for various major industries -- Occupational-risk calculations for workers, lawyers and compensation-court judges.".
catalog description "19. Ionizing-radiation exposures from medical diagnostic and therapeutic irradiation: -- X-Rays: uncertainties about the doses received -- X-Rays: What physicians and patients might do in view of uncertainties: -- Two recommended means of approximation -- A gall-bladder examination: irradiation of multiple organs -- Calculation of the risk of cancer for a specific diagnostic procedure -- Is there such a thing as a meaningful average dose for x-ray procedures? -- Dental x-rays and brain cancer; -- The use of radioiodine in nuclear medicine.".
catalog description "2. Energy interchanges and health: -- The relationship of ionizing radiation to other forms of energy -- How ionizing radiation interacts with living tissue -- The nature of radioactive decay and its measurement -- Doses: an energy transfer is an energy transfer.".
catalog description "20. Induction of human leukemia by ionizing radiation: -- The prospective study: the Japanese bomb survivors -- Some serious questions about the Hiroshima-Nagasaki dosimetry -- Retrospective studies of radiation induction of human leukemia: positive and negative findings: -- The nature of retrospective studies; -- The Tri-State Study of leukemia from medical irradiation -- The linos and co-workers study of leukemia from medical irradiation.".
catalog description "21. Congenital (in utero, teratogenic) effects of ionizing radiation: -- The nonstochastic in utero effects: defects in the central nervous system, skeleton, organs, metabolism, etc.: -- The chromosomal mechanism of congenital abnormality formation -- The Hiroshima and Nagasaki evidence; -- The stochastic in utero effects: cancer and leukemia induction.".
catalog description "22. Genetic and chromosomal effects of ionizing radiation: -- Introduction -- Types of genetic injuries: -- Chromosomal disease: monosomy and trisomy -- Chromosomal disease: deletions and translocations -- The sex chromosomes and the x-linked diseases -- The autosomal dominant diseases -- Definitions: dominant, recessive, and irregularly inherited diseases -- Chromosome loss versus abnormal gene; -- Quantitative importance of genetic and chromosomal diseases -- The simplified quantitative relationships between mutation rate and equilibrium incidence: -- What happens when the mutation rate is changed, by radiation, for example? -- Potential pitfalls in epidemiological studies of genetic effects of radiation; -- Early death in the descendants of the Atom-bomb survivors -- The problem of radiation-induced trisomies in human beings -- An evaluation of recent estimates of the genetic-chromosomal cost of adding one rad of ionizing radiation per generation -- An alternative explanation for irregularly inherited disorders; -- Appendix: Some simple rules for handling small and large numbers and units.".
catalog description "3. Origins of human cancer: implications for radiation causation: -- What is meant by 'radiation causes cancer'? -- The issue of very low radiation doses; -- What is cancer? -- Chromosomes: an introduction -- Chromosome abnormalities in human cancer cells -- Ionizing radiation injury to somatic cells and the development of cancer -- Chromosomes in the hereditary transmission of cancer risk.".
catalog description "4. Induction of cancer and leukemia by ionizing radiation: -- The nature of the latent period -- The 'ideal' study to assess the risk of radiation-induced cancer -- Application of the whole-body cancer dose to an individual.".
catalog description "5. Systematic approach to the quantitative aspects of radiation carcinogenesis, with personal and public-health risk estimates: -- Coping with inadequate follow-up periods by use of peal percents: -- Diverging curves:observed versus expected -- The basis for the conversion factors.".
catalog description "6. Human epidemiological evidence concerning radiation carcinogenesis : the studies involving external exposure: -- Combined tumors in the Hiroshima-Nagasaki series -- Cancer-by-cancer analysis of the Ankylosing Spondylitis series -- Malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in Japan -- Cancer of the thyroid and adenoma of the thyroid -- Salivary-gland tumors -- Brain tumors induced by ionizing radiation -- Skin cancer -- Pelvic cancers -- Radiation-induced cancers from job-related exposures: -- The Hanford Death Study; -- Synthesis of peak percents from all human evidence, by age groups -- A potential increase in the carcinogenic effect per rad in the Hiroshima-Nagasaki experience: -- The problem of 'built-in,' fraudulent thresholds; -- What is the effect of natural and medical radiation on cancer calculations?".
catalog description "7. Induction of human breast cancer by ionizing radiation: -- Quantitative analysis of radiation-induced breast cancer -- Integration of all the breast-cancer data.".
catalog description "8. From peak percents to whole-body cancer doses, by age at irradiation: -- Composite values for peak percents, by age -- Derivation of the whole-body cancer doses, by age.".
catalog description "9. Practical applications of the whole-body cancer dose: -- Exposure of individuals -- Exposure of populations: -- Derivation of the whole-body cancer dose for a population of mixed ages -- Who really bears the brunt of population exposures? -- The whole-body cancer dose: applicability in different countries; -- Comparison of the estimates of radiation-induced cancer in this book with those of other scientific groups.".
catalog description "Bibliography: p. 866-883.".
catalog description "There is a very large fund of accumulated knowledge concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on human health. Yet, the information available is not very useful in its crude, unintegrated form. A major goal of this book is to present and analyze the evidence concerning effects of low doses of radiation upon humans, and to demonstrate that a systematic and consistent evaluations of the evidence is now possible, with very useful practical results.".
catalog extent "xiv, 908 p. :".
catalog hasFormat "Radiation and human health.".
catalog identifier "0871562758".
catalog isFormatOf "Radiation and human health.".
catalog issued "1981".
catalog issued "c1981.".
catalog language "eng".
catalog publisher "San Francisco : Sierra Club Books,".
catalog relation "Radiation and human health.".
catalog subject "Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation.".
catalog subject "Ionizing radiation Toxicology.".
catalog subject "Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced".
catalog subject "RA1231.R2 G56".
catalog subject "Radiation Dosage.".
catalog subject "Radiation Injuries".
catalog subject "Radiation carcinogenesis.".
catalog subject "Radiation injuries.".
catalog subject "WN 620 G612r 1981".
catalog tableOfContents "1. Introduction to radiation and human health: -- Whose concerns does this book address? -- An assurance about numbers -- An intention to demystify -- The kinds of practical questions answered in this book -- Full disclosure of how answers were found -- When experts disagree, whom shall we believe?".
catalog tableOfContents "10. Partial-body irradiation and cancer doses for specific kinds of cancers: -- The evidence supporting a common peak percent for all kinds of cancer: -- Three generalizations about radiation carcinogenesis -- Pitfalls in analyzing the evidence; -- Calculation of various individual-organ cancer doses -- Practical applications of the specific-organ cancer doses -- Assessing risk from multiple-organ and partial-organ irradiation -- The procedure for changing whole-body cancer doses and specific-organ cancer doses if future evidence requires -- Comparison of cancer incidence rates with cancer death rates -- The meaning and calculation of doubling doses.".
catalog tableOfContents "11. Evidence for a linear or supralinear dose-effect relationship and for the nonexistence of a "threshold" dose: -- Linearity and supralinearity -- Diminishing effect per rad at low doses? -- Protection by dose fractionation: -- The human evidence on dose fractionation -- The myth of slow energy transfer; -- The proposition that there exists a threshold dose: -- The evidence pertaining to existence of a threshold -- The logic against the existence of a threshold; -- Public-health implications.".
catalog tableOfContents "12. Handling the internal emitters : dosimetry and applications: -- Dosimetry for internally deposited beta-emitters -- Dosimetry for internally deposited alpha-emitters -- Dosimetry for internally deposited gamma-emitters -- Combined radioactive and biological loss from tissue -- Tritium: a radionuclide of public concern.".
catalog tableOfContents "13. Internal alpha-particle emitters : radium and radon-daughters: -- Cancer production by the famous 226Radium -- Bone cancer from 224/88Radium, another radium nuclide -- Radon carcinogenesis: lung cancer in the uranium miners -- Radon and radon-daughter-product exposure in the general population -- Building materials, ventilation, and exposure to radon and radon-daughter products -- The long-term radon-exposure problem associated with nuclear power -- The lung-cancer hazard for local residents in the vicinity of tailing piles.".
catalog tableOfContents "14. Biologically important, man-made alpha-particle-emitting nuclides : plutonium and other transuranics: -- Production of the plutonium radionuclides -- Health considerations: the transuranics as a group -- Health hazards of 239Plutonium and of reactor-pu -- Lung-cancer production by plutonium nuclides.".
catalog tableOfContents "15. Lung cancers already produced by plutonium inhalation: -- The consequences of fallout from atmospheric bomb testing -- Ongoing studies of two sets of workers exposed to plutonium.".
catalog tableOfContents "16. Plutonium-induced lung cancers in a plutonium energy economy.".
catalog tableOfContents "17. Likely radiation doses and their effects in a nuclear-power economy.".
catalog tableOfContents "18. Ionizing-radiation exposures from natural sources, consumer products, and particular occupations: -- Natural sources of ionizing-radiation exposure, and their effects: -- Will home-building materials become an issue? -- Personal versus public-health risk: the genocidal potential of 'small risks' -- Efforts to measure cancer and leukemia produced by natural radiation; -- Industrial and consumer products incorporating radionuclides: -- Two ethical issues -- Proliferating products (a partial listing); -- Occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and their effects: -- Some principles concerning occupational exposure -- Some actual doses reported for various major industries -- Occupational-risk calculations for workers, lawyers and compensation-court judges.".
catalog tableOfContents "19. Ionizing-radiation exposures from medical diagnostic and therapeutic irradiation: -- X-Rays: uncertainties about the doses received -- X-Rays: What physicians and patients might do in view of uncertainties: -- Two recommended means of approximation -- A gall-bladder examination: irradiation of multiple organs -- Calculation of the risk of cancer for a specific diagnostic procedure -- Is there such a thing as a meaningful average dose for x-ray procedures? -- Dental x-rays and brain cancer; -- The use of radioiodine in nuclear medicine.".
catalog tableOfContents "2. Energy interchanges and health: -- The relationship of ionizing radiation to other forms of energy -- How ionizing radiation interacts with living tissue -- The nature of radioactive decay and its measurement -- Doses: an energy transfer is an energy transfer.".
catalog tableOfContents "20. Induction of human leukemia by ionizing radiation: -- The prospective study: the Japanese bomb survivors -- Some serious questions about the Hiroshima-Nagasaki dosimetry -- Retrospective studies of radiation induction of human leukemia: positive and negative findings: -- The nature of retrospective studies; -- The Tri-State Study of leukemia from medical irradiation -- The linos and co-workers study of leukemia from medical irradiation.".
catalog tableOfContents "21. Congenital (in utero, teratogenic) effects of ionizing radiation: -- The nonstochastic in utero effects: defects in the central nervous system, skeleton, organs, metabolism, etc.: -- The chromosomal mechanism of congenital abnormality formation -- The Hiroshima and Nagasaki evidence; -- The stochastic in utero effects: cancer and leukemia induction.".
catalog tableOfContents "22. Genetic and chromosomal effects of ionizing radiation: -- Introduction -- Types of genetic injuries: -- Chromosomal disease: monosomy and trisomy -- Chromosomal disease: deletions and translocations -- The sex chromosomes and the x-linked diseases -- The autosomal dominant diseases -- Definitions: dominant, recessive, and irregularly inherited diseases -- Chromosome loss versus abnormal gene; -- Quantitative importance of genetic and chromosomal diseases -- The simplified quantitative relationships between mutation rate and equilibrium incidence: -- What happens when the mutation rate is changed, by radiation, for example? -- Potential pitfalls in epidemiological studies of genetic effects of radiation; -- Early death in the descendants of the Atom-bomb survivors -- The problem of radiation-induced trisomies in human beings -- An evaluation of recent estimates of the genetic-chromosomal cost of adding one rad of ionizing radiation per generation -- An alternative explanation for irregularly inherited disorders; -- Appendix: Some simple rules for handling small and large numbers and units.".
catalog tableOfContents "3. Origins of human cancer: implications for radiation causation: -- What is meant by 'radiation causes cancer'? -- The issue of very low radiation doses; -- What is cancer? -- Chromosomes: an introduction -- Chromosome abnormalities in human cancer cells -- Ionizing radiation injury to somatic cells and the development of cancer -- Chromosomes in the hereditary transmission of cancer risk.".
catalog tableOfContents "4. Induction of cancer and leukemia by ionizing radiation: -- The nature of the latent period -- The 'ideal' study to assess the risk of radiation-induced cancer -- Application of the whole-body cancer dose to an individual.".
catalog tableOfContents "5. Systematic approach to the quantitative aspects of radiation carcinogenesis, with personal and public-health risk estimates: -- Coping with inadequate follow-up periods by use of peal percents: -- Diverging curves:observed versus expected -- The basis for the conversion factors.".
catalog tableOfContents "6. Human epidemiological evidence concerning radiation carcinogenesis : the studies involving external exposure: -- Combined tumors in the Hiroshima-Nagasaki series -- Cancer-by-cancer analysis of the Ankylosing Spondylitis series -- Malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in Japan -- Cancer of the thyroid and adenoma of the thyroid -- Salivary-gland tumors -- Brain tumors induced by ionizing radiation -- Skin cancer -- Pelvic cancers -- Radiation-induced cancers from job-related exposures: -- The Hanford Death Study; -- Synthesis of peak percents from all human evidence, by age groups -- A potential increase in the carcinogenic effect per rad in the Hiroshima-Nagasaki experience: -- The problem of 'built-in,' fraudulent thresholds; -- What is the effect of natural and medical radiation on cancer calculations?".
catalog tableOfContents "7. Induction of human breast cancer by ionizing radiation: -- Quantitative analysis of radiation-induced breast cancer -- Integration of all the breast-cancer data.".
catalog tableOfContents "8. From peak percents to whole-body cancer doses, by age at irradiation: -- Composite values for peak percents, by age -- Derivation of the whole-body cancer doses, by age.".
catalog tableOfContents "9. Practical applications of the whole-body cancer dose: -- Exposure of individuals -- Exposure of populations: -- Derivation of the whole-body cancer dose for a population of mixed ages -- Who really bears the brunt of population exposures? -- The whole-body cancer dose: applicability in different countries; -- Comparison of the estimates of radiation-induced cancer in this book with those of other scientific groups.".
catalog title "Radiation and human health / by John W. Gofman ; [ill. by Jon Goodchild].".
catalog type "text".