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• catalog contributor b1218499.
• catalog created "1982, c1981.".
• catalog date "1982".
• catalog date "1982, c1981.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "1982, c1981.".
• catalog description "Afterword to Part Three -- Appendix. Concerning Homo sapiens -- Anthropologists' Allegations -- On Analogies -- The Difference of Homo sapiens -- Conceptual Thought and Syntactic Language -- Consequences -- Cultural Ethology.".
• catalog description "Bibliography: p. [347]-362.".
• catalog description "Chapter VI. Mechanisms Exploiting Instant Information -- Receiving Information Does Not Always Mean Learning -- The Regulating Cycle or Homeostasis -- Excitability -- Amoeboid Response -- Kinesis -- Phobic Response -- Topical Response or Taxis -- Telotaxis or "Fixating" -- Temporal Orientation -- Navigation by Sextant and Chronometer -- Taxis and the Fixed Motor Pattern -- Taxis and Insight -- Chapter VII. Multiple Motivation in Behavior -- The Rarity of Unmixed Motivation -- Superposition -- Mutual Inhibition and Alternation -- Displacement Activities -- Part Three. Adaptive Modification of Behavior -- Chapter I. Modification -- Modification and Adaptive Modification -- Analogous Processes in Embryogenesis -- Learning as an Adaptive Modification -- Chapter II. Learning Without Association -- Facilitation and Sensitization -- Habituation or Stimulus Adaptation -- Chapter III. Learning Through Association Without Feedback Reporting Success -- Association -- ".
• catalog description "Effects Obscuring the Accumulation of Action-Specific Excitability -- Vacuum Activity -- Appetitive Behavior -- Threshold Lowering and Appetitive Behavior in Avoidance -- Driving and Being Driven -- Neurophysiology of Spontaneity -- Analogies of Function in Neural Elements and Integrated Systems -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter II. Afferent Processes -- The Innate Releasing Mechanism (IRM) -- Limits to the Functions of IRMs -- IRM and the Releaser -- An Important Rule of Thumb -- IRMs Rendered More Selective by Learning -- Chapter III. The Problem of the "Stimulus" -- All-Embracing Conceptualizations -- Stable and Spontaneously Active Nervous Elements -- Analogous Phenomena in Integrated Neural Systems -- Action-Specific Potential (ASP) -- Chapter IV. The Behavior Mechanisms Already Described Built into Complex Systems -- Appetitive Behavior Directed at Quiescence -- Searching Automatism -- Hierarchical Systems -- The Relative Hierarchy of Moods -- ".
• catalog description "Habituation Linked with Association -- "Becoming Accustomed" or Habit Formation -- The Conditioned Reflex Proper or Conditioning with Stimulus Selection -- Avoidance Responses Acquired Through Trauma -- Imprinting -- Conditioned Inhibition -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter IV. Learning Effected by the Consequences of Behavior -- The New Feedback -- Minimum Complication of the System -- Conditioned Appetitive Behavior -- Conditioned Aversion -- Conditioned Action -- Conditioned Appetitive Behavior Directed at Quiescence -- Operant Conditioning (In the Sense Here Advocated) -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter V. Motor Learning, Voluntary Movement, and Insight -- Motor Learning -- So-Called Voluntary Movement -- Voluntary Movement and Insight -- Chapter VI. Exploratory Behavior or Curiosity -- Choice of Behavior Patterns -- The Autonomous Motivation of Exploratory Behavior -- Latent Knowledge -- Objectivity -- Specialization for Versatility -- Play -- Curiosity, Play, Research, and Art -- ".
• catalog description "Introductory History -- Part One. Methodology -- Chapter I. Thinking in Biological Terms -- The Differences Between the Goals of Physical and Biological Research -- The Limits of Reduction -- Ontological Reductionism -- The Evolutionary Event as a Limitation of Reduction -- The Question "What For?" -- Teleological and Causal Views of Nature -- Chapter II. The Methodology of Biology and Particularly of Ethology -- The Concept of a System or an Entirety -- The Sequence of Cognitive Steps Dictated by the Character of Systems -- The Cognitive Capacity of Perception -- So-Called Amateurism -- Observing Animals in the Wild and in Captivity -- Observing Tame Animals Not Kept Captive -- Knowing Animals: A Methodological Sine Qua Non -- The Non-Obtrusive Experiment -- The Deprivation Experiment -- The Relatively Entirety-Independent Component -- Chapter III. The Fallacies of Non-System-Oriented Methods -- Atomism -- Explanatory Monism -- ".
• catalog description "Operationalism and Explanatory Monism of the Behaviorist School -- Chapter IV. The Comparative Method -- Reconstruction of Genealogies -- Criteria of Taxa -- The Hypothesis of Growth -- Documentation Through Fossils -- Homology and Its Criteria -- The Number of Characteristics as a Criterion of Homology -- Convergent Adaptation -- Analogy as a Source of Knowledge -- Homoiology -- Systematics and the Need for Great Numbers of Characteristics -- The Changing Value of Single Characteristics -- The Difficulties and the Importance of "Microsystematics" -- The Origin of Ethology -- Chapter Summary -- Part Two. Genetically Programmed Behavior -- Chaper I. The Centrally Coordinated Movement or Fixed Motor Pattern -- History of the Concept -- Differences in Intensity -- Qualitatively Identical Excitation Activating Different Motor Patterns -- Unity of Motivation -- The Method of Dual Quantification -- Action-Specific Fatigue -- Threshold Lowering of Releasing Stimuli -- ".
• catalog description "The Locus of "Superior Command" (Übergeordnete Kommandostelle) -- Chapter V. How Unitary Is "An Instinct"? -- The Danger of Naming Instincts by Their Functions -- The Multiplicity of Motivations -- Integrating Effect of the Instinct Hierarchy -- Interaction Between Motor Patterns -- Motor Patterns Not Specific to the System -- Chapter Summary".
• catalog extent "xvii, 380 p. :".
• catalog hasFormat "Foundations of ethology.".
• catalog identifier "0671445731 (pbk.)".
• catalog isFormatOf "Foundations of ethology.".
• catalog issued "1982".
• catalog issued "1982, c1981.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog language "engger".
• catalog publisher "New York : Simon and Schuster,".
• catalog relation "Foundations of ethology.".
• catalog subject "Animal behavior.".
• catalog subject "Human behavior.".
• catalog subject "Psychology, Comparative.".
• catalog subject "QL751 .L7213 1982".
• catalog tableOfContents "Afterword to Part Three -- Appendix. Concerning Homo sapiens -- Anthropologists' Allegations -- On Analogies -- The Difference of Homo sapiens -- Conceptual Thought and Syntactic Language -- Consequences -- Cultural Ethology.".
• catalog tableOfContents "Chapter VI. Mechanisms Exploiting Instant Information -- Receiving Information Does Not Always Mean Learning -- The Regulating Cycle or Homeostasis -- Excitability -- Amoeboid Response -- Kinesis -- Phobic Response -- Topical Response or Taxis -- Telotaxis or "Fixating" -- Temporal Orientation -- Navigation by Sextant and Chronometer -- Taxis and the Fixed Motor Pattern -- Taxis and Insight -- Chapter VII. Multiple Motivation in Behavior -- The Rarity of Unmixed Motivation -- Superposition -- Mutual Inhibition and Alternation -- Displacement Activities -- Part Three. Adaptive Modification of Behavior -- Chapter I. Modification -- Modification and Adaptive Modification -- Analogous Processes in Embryogenesis -- Learning as an Adaptive Modification -- Chapter II. Learning Without Association -- Facilitation and Sensitization -- Habituation or Stimulus Adaptation -- Chapter III. Learning Through Association Without Feedback Reporting Success -- Association -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Effects Obscuring the Accumulation of Action-Specific Excitability -- Vacuum Activity -- Appetitive Behavior -- Threshold Lowering and Appetitive Behavior in Avoidance -- Driving and Being Driven -- Neurophysiology of Spontaneity -- Analogies of Function in Neural Elements and Integrated Systems -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter II. Afferent Processes -- The Innate Releasing Mechanism (IRM) -- Limits to the Functions of IRMs -- IRM and the Releaser -- An Important Rule of Thumb -- IRMs Rendered More Selective by Learning -- Chapter III. The Problem of the "Stimulus" -- All-Embracing Conceptualizations -- Stable and Spontaneously Active Nervous Elements -- Analogous Phenomena in Integrated Neural Systems -- Action-Specific Potential (ASP) -- Chapter IV. The Behavior Mechanisms Already Described Built into Complex Systems -- Appetitive Behavior Directed at Quiescence -- Searching Automatism -- Hierarchical Systems -- The Relative Hierarchy of Moods -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Habituation Linked with Association -- "Becoming Accustomed" or Habit Formation -- The Conditioned Reflex Proper or Conditioning with Stimulus Selection -- Avoidance Responses Acquired Through Trauma -- Imprinting -- Conditioned Inhibition -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter IV. Learning Effected by the Consequences of Behavior -- The New Feedback -- Minimum Complication of the System -- Conditioned Appetitive Behavior -- Conditioned Aversion -- Conditioned Action -- Conditioned Appetitive Behavior Directed at Quiescence -- Operant Conditioning (In the Sense Here Advocated) -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter V. Motor Learning, Voluntary Movement, and Insight -- Motor Learning -- So-Called Voluntary Movement -- Voluntary Movement and Insight -- Chapter VI. Exploratory Behavior or Curiosity -- Choice of Behavior Patterns -- The Autonomous Motivation of Exploratory Behavior -- Latent Knowledge -- Objectivity -- Specialization for Versatility -- Play -- Curiosity, Play, Research, and Art -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Introductory History -- Part One. Methodology -- Chapter I. Thinking in Biological Terms -- The Differences Between the Goals of Physical and Biological Research -- The Limits of Reduction -- Ontological Reductionism -- The Evolutionary Event as a Limitation of Reduction -- The Question "What For?" -- Teleological and Causal Views of Nature -- Chapter II. The Methodology of Biology and Particularly of Ethology -- The Concept of a System or an Entirety -- The Sequence of Cognitive Steps Dictated by the Character of Systems -- The Cognitive Capacity of Perception -- So-Called Amateurism -- Observing Animals in the Wild and in Captivity -- Observing Tame Animals Not Kept Captive -- Knowing Animals: A Methodological Sine Qua Non -- The Non-Obtrusive Experiment -- The Deprivation Experiment -- The Relatively Entirety-Independent Component -- Chapter III. The Fallacies of Non-System-Oriented Methods -- Atomism -- Explanatory Monism -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Operationalism and Explanatory Monism of the Behaviorist School -- Chapter IV. The Comparative Method -- Reconstruction of Genealogies -- Criteria of Taxa -- The Hypothesis of Growth -- Documentation Through Fossils -- Homology and Its Criteria -- The Number of Characteristics as a Criterion of Homology -- Convergent Adaptation -- Analogy as a Source of Knowledge -- Homoiology -- Systematics and the Need for Great Numbers of Characteristics -- The Changing Value of Single Characteristics -- The Difficulties and the Importance of "Microsystematics" -- The Origin of Ethology -- Chapter Summary -- Part Two. Genetically Programmed Behavior -- Chaper I. The Centrally Coordinated Movement or Fixed Motor Pattern -- History of the Concept -- Differences in Intensity -- Qualitatively Identical Excitation Activating Different Motor Patterns -- Unity of Motivation -- The Method of Dual Quantification -- Action-Specific Fatigue -- Threshold Lowering of Releasing Stimuli -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "The Locus of "Superior Command" (Übergeordnete Kommandostelle) -- Chapter V. How Unitary Is "An Instinct"? -- The Danger of Naming Instincts by Their Functions -- The Multiplicity of Motivations -- Integrating Effect of the Instinct Hierarchy -- Interaction Between Motor Patterns -- Motor Patterns Not Specific to the System -- Chapter Summary".
• catalog title "The foundations of ethology : the principal ideas and discoveries in animal behavior / Konrad Z. Lorenz ; translated by Konrad Z. Lorenz and Robert Warren Kickert.".
• catalog type "text".