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• catalog contributor b3216872.
• catalog created "1903.".
• catalog date "1903".
• catalog date "1903.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "1903.".
• catalog description "Herbert Spencer's doctrine of the Unknowable ; Matter no longer conceived of by science lifeless and inert ; The fundamental difference which still exists between the theistic idea of God and the modern scientific idea of matter ; The modern monistic theory of the universe not prima facie unreasonable, as the old materialism was ; The scientific theory is practically that of theologians themselves, so far as the inorganic universe is concerned ; The objections that have been drawn from the theory of Entropy considered ; This theory suggests no such God as the theist postulates ; Organic life is the phenomenon which first brings into the practical existence a difference between the monist and the dualist ; But both theists and men of science attach false controversial importance to the question of the origin of organic life ; The question of biogenesis and abiogenesis, as such, ".
• catalog description "I. The scope and method of the enquiry : The object of this volume is to exhibit theistic religion generally as a system of worthy reasonable acceptance ; The readers specially addressed are those who desire to assent to a theistic system but find it difficult to do so in face of the verified facts of science ; In this volume the facts of science are accepted on the one hand, and the conclusions of theistic religion are defended on the other ; The faulty methods at present pursued by controversialist on both sides, and the confusion which arises in consequence ; What is wanted primarily is an intellectual accountant who will go carefully over the books of both parties. This work will be attempted here ; Definition of the limited meaning in which the word Religion is used in this volume ; The word here means an intellectual assent to the objective truth of three primary propositions ; Reasons for thus limiting the meaning of the word here".
• catalog description "II. The false and the true starting point of the controversy between religion and science : The primary difference between religion and science with regard to the first cause and the active power of the universe ; The difference between the two no longer a difference between a materialistic system and a spiritual ; The difference one between a monistic system and a dualistic ; An elementary explanation of the nature and the attributes of what we call matter, and their relation to mind, and their dependence on it ; The complete change that has come over the scientific view of matter is evidenced by Mr. ".
• catalog description "III. The origin of the organic life : Two methods of defense adopted by the religious apologists of today. The quasi- scientific and the metaphysical ; The quasi- scientific method will be dealt with first ; Two recent volumes of the quasi- scientific apologetics taken as examples ; The writers of these volumes on the origin of organic life ; They admit that all life originates in the simple cell ; They thus admit that all life has common origin ; This admission precludes them, so far as the present argument goes, from imputing any special qualities to human life ; The theist, in reality, is concerned solely with those qualities in human life which he alleges to be peculiar to it, namely, freedom and immortality ; Contemporary theology admits that such is the case".
• catalog description "IV. ".
• catalog description "IX. Sentient life and ethical theism : God and the means by which life in its various grades has been evolved ; Does the process of evolution suggest either purposive wisdom or love for individuals, in the supreme Mind? ; The waste involved in the process ; Frustrated purpose. Attempts to explain this away ; The process of conception ; Its reckless wastefulness ; The sacrifice of the unfit ; Further attempts to apologize for this ; Ethical theism implies that God loves the unfit ; The sacrifice of the individual to the species opposed to the whole theory of ethical theism ; Attempts to apologize for God's past injustices by promises of his future justice ; Compensation in another life not scientific, but an arbitrary, hypothesis ; The kind of personal God which nature really suggests ; Impossible to treat the idea of such a Being seriously ; The God suggested by Nature has at all events no special regard for man ; The sentimentality of Tennyson and others about law ; Law and Monistic determinism ; God, Law, and the Universe scientifically inseparable ; Science identifies like with the automatic properties of the Universe ; If the supreme Mind is, in any relation, not bound by and identified with the invariable laws of the Cosmos, science gives us no hint of the fact ; Ordinary theistic argument wholly fails in its attempt to deduce a theistic God from the facts of the universe ; Idealism has lately been making the same attempt, which will be considered in the next chapter".
• catalog description "Spencer's religion of the Unknowable a vague theism in disguise ; Professor Huxley's last essay on ethics ; The hopelessly illogical character of Professor Huxley's reasoning ; Professor Huxley's argument is a testimony at once to the practical necessity for religion, and the utter impossibility of intellectually reconciling religion with the essential doctrines of science".
• catalog description "The determinism of matter : The individual living organism, ".
• catalog description "The practical basis of belief : Reasons for the supplementing our belief in science by other beliefs which contradict the first principles of science ; Science can tell us nothing of those subjective values of things which make up the practical life of all men ; What would life be without an order of beliefs for which science leaves no place, such as the belief in moral freedom? ; The effect on life of a practical belief in absolute scientific determinism ; A practical belief in determinism destructive of all mental civilization ; A belief in a freedom, for which science leaves no room, is implied in all that is most valuable in human experience ; Effects on mental civilization of the belief in God and immortality ; The mental enlargement and elevation of life which is due to a belief in God and immortality ; A belief in God and immortality necessary to make the process of history and evolution rational ; Men of science, as moral philosophers, ".
• catalog description "The religious doctrine that the human animal is immortal : Theologians use two arguments in favor of human immortality ; The first is based on the facts of consciousness generally as being in their essence distinct from matter ; The futility of this whole line of argument explained ; The second argument is based on alleged differences in kind between the mind and mental powers of man and those of the other animals ; Intellect and certain specific intellectual faculties alleged to be present in man, ".
• catalog description "V. Five different aspects of the free will problem : The idea of freedom essential to the religious idea of morality ; Early perceptions that there is an element of determinism in human action ; St. Augustine on free will and original sin ; St. Augustine on sin as related to God's power and goodness ; Subsequent theologians on conduct as determined by motive ; Their speculations restated and elaborated by modern psychology ; The determinism of the individual organism ; The determinism of heredity".
• catalog description "VI. The determinism of psychology : The psychology of will simple in all its essential ; Every act determined by the desires of the agent ; When two desires are present action follows the strongest ; When only one desire is present only one kind of act is possible ; The complexity of actual facts hides, but does not alter these truths ; The ass between the two bundles of hay ; Desire determines action. Can will determine desire? ; Desires primarily determined by a man's constitution and external circumstances ; The desire to eat is an example ; Does the variety of desire in men indicate any free power to determine their desires? ; An indefinite variety in desire is obviously referable to congenital character and circumstances ; Modern psychologists are driven to admit that freedom, if it exists at all, can operate only within very narrow limits ; This is shown by the admissions of the Roman Catholic philosopher, Dr. W. G. Ward ; Dr. Ward's attempt to differentiate "resolve" from "spontaneous impulse" ; Dr. Ward's illustrations of his meaning ; Dr. Ward's illustrations and arguments refute himself ; Resolve and spontaneous impulse alike require and are determined by motive and circumstance ; The resolves of St. Antony in the desert ; Christ's words with regard to determinism ; Determinism in spiritual biography ; No psychological escape from absolute determinism ; Freedom cannot be expressed in any thinkable form ; All attempts to defend free will involve confusion of thought ; And misconception of the real arguments of the determinists ; Hobbes and Kant alike admit that, when viewed psychologically, the doctrine that the will is free, is nonsense".
• catalog description "VII. ".
• catalog description "X. The new apologetics of idealism : The idealists and metaphysicians of today superior to their predecessors in that they do not scoff at science, but are serious students of it ; As religious apologists their great endeavor is to reconcile freedom of the will with a cosmos of otherwise determined phenomena ; Instead of attacking the details of science, like the theologians, they admit the doctrines of science to be truths, but only abstract truths ; They maintain that the only reality is "the duality in unity of subject and object" ; How does this doctrine differ from the monism of Mr. Spencer and others, which is intended to circumvent, by denying any universe independent of conscious mind? ; It is merely Mr. Spencer's monism repeated, minus one essential element ; The new idealists deny to the external universe any existence at all outside the mind of conscious beings ; The absurdity of the theory which is implied in this doctrine ; The new Idealism tested by facts which it itself admits ; Berkeley's theory coincident with Mr. Spencer's ; Difference between the new idealists and Berkeley ; Why the new idealists have adopted their absurd position which is the very opposite of Berkeley's ; The new Idealism, if true, would not vindicate moral freedom ; Idealism and the determinism of motive ; The new Idealism leaves moral freedom as unthinkable as it finds it ; Negative criticism of modern religious apologetics concluded ; No intellectual reconciliation between the cosmic and the moral order possible".
• catalog description "XI. The practical synthesis of contradictories : In asserting the truth of religion we must assert a doctrine opposed to the doctrines of science which we are compelled to assert also ; How is this assertion of contradictories to be justified? ; There is a similar assertion of contradictories underlying our belief in everything ; The theistic idea of God a synthesis of contradictories ; The monist's idea of the universal Substance a synthesis of contradictories also ; Contradiction involved in the idea of atoms and empty space ; Similar contradictions involved in the idea of ether ; Ether and God, two expressions of the same difficulty ; Contradictions involved in the ideas of space and time ; The thinkable is a mere oasis in the middle of the unthinkable ; All knowledge, if pushed far enough, ends in contradictories ; Our practical beliefs not invalidated because this element of the contradictory is involved in them ; A belief in contradictories some practical grounds are requisite ; Are there such practical grounds for belief in religion?".
• catalog description "XII. ".
• catalog description "XIII. The reasonable liberation of belief : Belief in religion and belief in science equally necessary, and yet intellectually incompatible ; The denial of religion and the denial of an external world equally absurd ; The instinctive judgment of humanity with regard to an external world ; Ordinary or instinctive belief, not science, gives science its subject matter ; No one maintains this more vigorously than Hume ; The instinctive belief in moral order characterizes the most powerful civilized, and progressive races ; Reason deals with the data supplied by instinctive belief in the moral order and the cosmic order alike ; The specifically religious emotions an important fact in human nature ; The two opposed orders of things which the practical reason must accept ; Each of these orders, as the human intellect apprehends it, is inconsistent, not only with the other, but with itself ; Our entire idea of moral conduct is inconsistent, not only with determinism, but with itself ; To believe in the cosmic and moral world together, not more irrational than to believe in either separately ; The folly of all attempts to discover a formal reconciliation ; The intellect must definitely and consciously accept its own limitations ; The synthesis of contradictories supplied by the whole experience of humanity ; Reasonableness of acquiescence in the co-existence of two orders of things, not reconcilable in terms of reason.".
• catalog description "and heredity ; Free will and the physics of the brain ; Free will and the conservation of energy ; Attempts to reconcile free will with the general uniformities of the physical universe ; Complete failure of these attempts ; The verifiable influence of the brain on mental action ; The theory that the brain is a mere passive instrument of mind and will ; This theory now refuted by experimental facts ; Changes in the brain impose changes on will and character ; The celebrated case of Phineas Gage ; Memory and the brain ; Fear and courage at the mercy of the brain ; Religious faith at the mercy of the brain ; Honesty at the mercy of the brain ; Chastity at the mercy of the brain and other connected parts of the organism ; The organism itself determined by heredity ; Heredity and innate ideas ; Idiosyncrasies of character dependent primarily on heredity ; Eccentricities of amative imagination ; Mental peculiarities transmitted like physical ; The character like the body depends on ".
• catalog description "and utterly wanting in all other animals ; Judgment and reflection and attention ; do these belong to man alone? ; Self-consciousness: is this peculiar to man? ; The mental differences between man and the other animals are differences of degree only ; It is impossible to show that they are differences in kind ; The human body and the dawn of self-consciousness ; Can man alone form universal concepts? ; Rudimentary concepts are form by animals ; Observation can establish no sharp line between the animal intellect and the human ; Animals alleged to have no real affections: animals non-progressive ; The higher faculties alleged to be peculiar to man, are alleged also to have no special organ in the brain ; These arguments, urged by theologians, ".
• catalog description "has nothing to do with the existence or non-existence of the theistic God ; The religious theory of the universe depends not on the manner in which we account for the origin of life ; As can be easily seen ; But on the alleged possession by human life of certain qualities possessed by nothing else in the universe ; Mere organic life, as such, does not possess these qualities ; The theologian in testing religion by science has to concern himself not with organic life as such, but with human free will, and human immortality ; The doctrines of free will and immortality are defended at the present by arguments which are utterly worthless".
• catalog description "parentage ; Heredity takes away the last refuge of freedom ; Science leaves no room either for human immortality or freedom ; Does science leave any room for belief in the theistic God? ; ; VIII. The mere philosophic God not the God of religion ; A large part of the ordinary apologetics of theism utterly worthless for the real purposes of the theist ; Science and religion both recognize the supremacy of Mind. The question is, what attributes do they impute to it? Is it purposive and conscious? ; The old theistic argument based on purpose in man ; The old theistic argument based on human consciousness ; Consciousness rises out of the unconscious ; Much seemingly purposive action is demonstrably unconscious ; No philosophic proof exists that the Supreme Mind or the God of philosophy is either conscious or purposive ; The idea that the Cosmos indicates any ethical qualities in the Supreme Mind is purely fanciful ; The boasted order of the Cosmos no proof of purpose or wisdom".
• catalog description "recognize the necessity of some belief that shall be the practical equivalent of religion ; Professor Huxley's vain attempts to reconcile freedom with science ; Mr. Herbert Spencer's attempts to find a substitute, compatible with his own scientific principles, for theistic religion ; Religious belief has the quality of an act of will ; A belief in the external world is a similar act ; Hume shows that this is so ; Neither the belief in God nor in an external world is an act of reason ; Men of science, as moralists, admit that a purely scientific conception of life would ruin life ; Analysis of Professor Huxley's attempt to make his moral repudiation of determinism agree with his scientific assertion of universal causation ; Mr. ".
• catalog description "shown to be absolutely valueless ; The counter- arguments which monistic science opposes to theology ; Even theologians admit the right of monistic science to speak ; Modern theologians compelled to admit the general truth of the evolutionary theory ; Embryology as an evidence of evolution ; The modern advance of embryology ; The origin of the individual life the same in man and the higher animals ; The evidence of ontogenesis ; The gill-clefts in the human embryo ; The tadpole and the frog ; Ontogenesis of the mind ; Vain attempts of theology to weaken the evidences that connect human with animal life ; Absurdities involved in the attempt to give any scientific form to the doctrine of the introduction into the human ovum of a soul separate from matter".
• catalog extent "xiv, 287 p.".
• catalog hasFormat "Religion as credible doctrine.".
• catalog isFormatOf "Religion as credible doctrine.".
• catalog issued "1903".
• catalog issued "1903.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog publisher "New York : The Macmillan company,".
• catalog relation "Religion as credible doctrine.".
• catalog subject "BL51 .M27".
• catalog subject "Religion Philosophy.".
• catalog subject "Religion and science 1900-".
• catalog subject "Religion and science 1900-1925.".
• catalog subject "Theism.".
• catalog tableOfContents "Herbert Spencer's doctrine of the Unknowable ; Matter no longer conceived of by science lifeless and inert ; The fundamental difference which still exists between the theistic idea of God and the modern scientific idea of matter ; The modern monistic theory of the universe not prima facie unreasonable, as the old materialism was ; The scientific theory is practically that of theologians themselves, so far as the inorganic universe is concerned ; The objections that have been drawn from the theory of Entropy considered ; This theory suggests no such God as the theist postulates ; Organic life is the phenomenon which first brings into the practical existence a difference between the monist and the dualist ; But both theists and men of science attach false controversial importance to the question of the origin of organic life ; The question of biogenesis and abiogenesis, as such, ".
• catalog tableOfContents "I. The scope and method of the enquiry : The object of this volume is to exhibit theistic religion generally as a system of worthy reasonable acceptance ; The readers specially addressed are those who desire to assent to a theistic system but find it difficult to do so in face of the verified facts of science ; In this volume the facts of science are accepted on the one hand, and the conclusions of theistic religion are defended on the other ; The faulty methods at present pursued by controversialist on both sides, and the confusion which arises in consequence ; What is wanted primarily is an intellectual accountant who will go carefully over the books of both parties. This work will be attempted here ; Definition of the limited meaning in which the word Religion is used in this volume ; The word here means an intellectual assent to the objective truth of three primary propositions ; Reasons for thus limiting the meaning of the word here".
• catalog tableOfContents "II. The false and the true starting point of the controversy between religion and science : The primary difference between religion and science with regard to the first cause and the active power of the universe ; The difference between the two no longer a difference between a materialistic system and a spiritual ; The difference one between a monistic system and a dualistic ; An elementary explanation of the nature and the attributes of what we call matter, and their relation to mind, and their dependence on it ; The complete change that has come over the scientific view of matter is evidenced by Mr. ".
• catalog tableOfContents "III. The origin of the organic life : Two methods of defense adopted by the religious apologists of today. The quasi- scientific and the metaphysical ; The quasi- scientific method will be dealt with first ; Two recent volumes of the quasi- scientific apologetics taken as examples ; The writers of these volumes on the origin of organic life ; They admit that all life originates in the simple cell ; They thus admit that all life has common origin ; This admission precludes them, so far as the present argument goes, from imputing any special qualities to human life ; The theist, in reality, is concerned solely with those qualities in human life which he alleges to be peculiar to it, namely, freedom and immortality ; Contemporary theology admits that such is the case".
• catalog tableOfContents "IV. ".
• catalog tableOfContents "IX. Sentient life and ethical theism : God and the means by which life in its various grades has been evolved ; Does the process of evolution suggest either purposive wisdom or love for individuals, in the supreme Mind? ; The waste involved in the process ; Frustrated purpose. Attempts to explain this away ; The process of conception ; Its reckless wastefulness ; The sacrifice of the unfit ; Further attempts to apologize for this ; Ethical theism implies that God loves the unfit ; The sacrifice of the individual to the species opposed to the whole theory of ethical theism ; Attempts to apologize for God's past injustices by promises of his future justice ; Compensation in another life not scientific, but an arbitrary, hypothesis ; The kind of personal God which nature really suggests ; Impossible to treat the idea of such a Being seriously ; The God suggested by Nature has at all events no special regard for man ; The sentimentality of Tennyson and others about law ; Law and Monistic determinism ; God, Law, and the Universe scientifically inseparable ; Science identifies like with the automatic properties of the Universe ; If the supreme Mind is, in any relation, not bound by and identified with the invariable laws of the Cosmos, science gives us no hint of the fact ; Ordinary theistic argument wholly fails in its attempt to deduce a theistic God from the facts of the universe ; Idealism has lately been making the same attempt, which will be considered in the next chapter".
• catalog tableOfContents "Spencer's religion of the Unknowable a vague theism in disguise ; Professor Huxley's last essay on ethics ; The hopelessly illogical character of Professor Huxley's reasoning ; Professor Huxley's argument is a testimony at once to the practical necessity for religion, and the utter impossibility of intellectually reconciling religion with the essential doctrines of science".
• catalog tableOfContents "The determinism of matter : The individual living organism, ".
• catalog tableOfContents "The practical basis of belief : Reasons for the supplementing our belief in science by other beliefs which contradict the first principles of science ; Science can tell us nothing of those subjective values of things which make up the practical life of all men ; What would life be without an order of beliefs for which science leaves no place, such as the belief in moral freedom? ; The effect on life of a practical belief in absolute scientific determinism ; A practical belief in determinism destructive of all mental civilization ; A belief in a freedom, for which science leaves no room, is implied in all that is most valuable in human experience ; Effects on mental civilization of the belief in God and immortality ; The mental enlargement and elevation of life which is due to a belief in God and immortality ; A belief in God and immortality necessary to make the process of history and evolution rational ; Men of science, as moral philosophers, ".
• catalog tableOfContents "The religious doctrine that the human animal is immortal : Theologians use two arguments in favor of human immortality ; The first is based on the facts of consciousness generally as being in their essence distinct from matter ; The futility of this whole line of argument explained ; The second argument is based on alleged differences in kind between the mind and mental powers of man and those of the other animals ; Intellect and certain specific intellectual faculties alleged to be present in man, ".
• catalog tableOfContents "V. Five different aspects of the free will problem : The idea of freedom essential to the religious idea of morality ; Early perceptions that there is an element of determinism in human action ; St. Augustine on free will and original sin ; St. Augustine on sin as related to God's power and goodness ; Subsequent theologians on conduct as determined by motive ; Their speculations restated and elaborated by modern psychology ; The determinism of the individual organism ; The determinism of heredity".
• catalog tableOfContents "VI. The determinism of psychology : The psychology of will simple in all its essential ; Every act determined by the desires of the agent ; When two desires are present action follows the strongest ; When only one desire is present only one kind of act is possible ; The complexity of actual facts hides, but does not alter these truths ; The ass between the two bundles of hay ; Desire determines action. Can will determine desire? ; Desires primarily determined by a man's constitution and external circumstances ; The desire to eat is an example ; Does the variety of desire in men indicate any free power to determine their desires? ; An indefinite variety in desire is obviously referable to congenital character and circumstances ; Modern psychologists are driven to admit that freedom, if it exists at all, can operate only within very narrow limits ; This is shown by the admissions of the Roman Catholic philosopher, Dr. W. G. Ward ; Dr. Ward's attempt to differentiate "resolve" from "spontaneous impulse" ; Dr. Ward's illustrations of his meaning ; Dr. Ward's illustrations and arguments refute himself ; Resolve and spontaneous impulse alike require and are determined by motive and circumstance ; The resolves of St. Antony in the desert ; Christ's words with regard to determinism ; Determinism in spiritual biography ; No psychological escape from absolute determinism ; Freedom cannot be expressed in any thinkable form ; All attempts to defend free will involve confusion of thought ; And misconception of the real arguments of the determinists ; Hobbes and Kant alike admit that, when viewed psychologically, the doctrine that the will is free, is nonsense".
• catalog tableOfContents "VII. ".
• catalog tableOfContents "X. The new apologetics of idealism : The idealists and metaphysicians of today superior to their predecessors in that they do not scoff at science, but are serious students of it ; As religious apologists their great endeavor is to reconcile freedom of the will with a cosmos of otherwise determined phenomena ; Instead of attacking the details of science, like the theologians, they admit the doctrines of science to be truths, but only abstract truths ; They maintain that the only reality is "the duality in unity of subject and object" ; How does this doctrine differ from the monism of Mr. Spencer and others, which is intended to circumvent, by denying any universe independent of conscious mind? ; It is merely Mr. Spencer's monism repeated, minus one essential element ; The new idealists deny to the external universe any existence at all outside the mind of conscious beings ; The absurdity of the theory which is implied in this doctrine ; The new Idealism tested by facts which it itself admits ; Berkeley's theory coincident with Mr. Spencer's ; Difference between the new idealists and Berkeley ; Why the new idealists have adopted their absurd position which is the very opposite of Berkeley's ; The new Idealism, if true, would not vindicate moral freedom ; Idealism and the determinism of motive ; The new Idealism leaves moral freedom as unthinkable as it finds it ; Negative criticism of modern religious apologetics concluded ; No intellectual reconciliation between the cosmic and the moral order possible".
• catalog tableOfContents "XI. The practical synthesis of contradictories : In asserting the truth of religion we must assert a doctrine opposed to the doctrines of science which we are compelled to assert also ; How is this assertion of contradictories to be justified? ; There is a similar assertion of contradictories underlying our belief in everything ; The theistic idea of God a synthesis of contradictories ; The monist's idea of the universal Substance a synthesis of contradictories also ; Contradiction involved in the idea of atoms and empty space ; Similar contradictions involved in the idea of ether ; Ether and God, two expressions of the same difficulty ; Contradictions involved in the ideas of space and time ; The thinkable is a mere oasis in the middle of the unthinkable ; All knowledge, if pushed far enough, ends in contradictories ; Our practical beliefs not invalidated because this element of the contradictory is involved in them ; A belief in contradictories some practical grounds are requisite ; Are there such practical grounds for belief in religion?".
• catalog tableOfContents "XII. ".
• catalog tableOfContents "XIII. The reasonable liberation of belief : Belief in religion and belief in science equally necessary, and yet intellectually incompatible ; The denial of religion and the denial of an external world equally absurd ; The instinctive judgment of humanity with regard to an external world ; Ordinary or instinctive belief, not science, gives science its subject matter ; No one maintains this more vigorously than Hume ; The instinctive belief in moral order characterizes the most powerful civilized, and progressive races ; Reason deals with the data supplied by instinctive belief in the moral order and the cosmic order alike ; The specifically religious emotions an important fact in human nature ; The two opposed orders of things which the practical reason must accept ; Each of these orders, as the human intellect apprehends it, is inconsistent, not only with the other, but with itself ; Our entire idea of moral conduct is inconsistent, not only with determinism, but with itself ; To believe in the cosmic and moral world together, not more irrational than to believe in either separately ; The folly of all attempts to discover a formal reconciliation ; The intellect must definitely and consciously accept its own limitations ; The synthesis of contradictories supplied by the whole experience of humanity ; Reasonableness of acquiescence in the co-existence of two orders of things, not reconcilable in terms of reason.".
• catalog tableOfContents "and heredity ; Free will and the physics of the brain ; Free will and the conservation of energy ; Attempts to reconcile free will with the general uniformities of the physical universe ; Complete failure of these attempts ; The verifiable influence of the brain on mental action ; The theory that the brain is a mere passive instrument of mind and will ; This theory now refuted by experimental facts ; Changes in the brain impose changes on will and character ; The celebrated case of Phineas Gage ; Memory and the brain ; Fear and courage at the mercy of the brain ; Religious faith at the mercy of the brain ; Honesty at the mercy of the brain ; Chastity at the mercy of the brain and other connected parts of the organism ; The organism itself determined by heredity ; Heredity and innate ideas ; Idiosyncrasies of character dependent primarily on heredity ; Eccentricities of amative imagination ; Mental peculiarities transmitted like physical ; The character like the body depends on ".
• catalog tableOfContents "and utterly wanting in all other animals ; Judgment and reflection and attention ; do these belong to man alone? ; Self-consciousness: is this peculiar to man? ; The mental differences between man and the other animals are differences of degree only ; It is impossible to show that they are differences in kind ; The human body and the dawn of self-consciousness ; Can man alone form universal concepts? ; Rudimentary concepts are form by animals ; Observation can establish no sharp line between the animal intellect and the human ; Animals alleged to have no real affections: animals non-progressive ; The higher faculties alleged to be peculiar to man, are alleged also to have no special organ in the brain ; These arguments, urged by theologians, ".
• catalog tableOfContents "has nothing to do with the existence or non-existence of the theistic God ; The religious theory of the universe depends not on the manner in which we account for the origin of life ; As can be easily seen ; But on the alleged possession by human life of certain qualities possessed by nothing else in the universe ; Mere organic life, as such, does not possess these qualities ; The theologian in testing religion by science has to concern himself not with organic life as such, but with human free will, and human immortality ; The doctrines of free will and immortality are defended at the present by arguments which are utterly worthless".
• catalog tableOfContents "parentage ; Heredity takes away the last refuge of freedom ; Science leaves no room either for human immortality or freedom ; Does science leave any room for belief in the theistic God? ; ; VIII. The mere philosophic God not the God of religion ; A large part of the ordinary apologetics of theism utterly worthless for the real purposes of the theist ; Science and religion both recognize the supremacy of Mind. The question is, what attributes do they impute to it? Is it purposive and conscious? ; The old theistic argument based on purpose in man ; The old theistic argument based on human consciousness ; Consciousness rises out of the unconscious ; Much seemingly purposive action is demonstrably unconscious ; No philosophic proof exists that the Supreme Mind or the God of philosophy is either conscious or purposive ; The idea that the Cosmos indicates any ethical qualities in the Supreme Mind is purely fanciful ; The boasted order of the Cosmos no proof of purpose or wisdom".
• catalog tableOfContents "recognize the necessity of some belief that shall be the practical equivalent of religion ; Professor Huxley's vain attempts to reconcile freedom with science ; Mr. Herbert Spencer's attempts to find a substitute, compatible with his own scientific principles, for theistic religion ; Religious belief has the quality of an act of will ; A belief in the external world is a similar act ; Hume shows that this is so ; Neither the belief in God nor in an external world is an act of reason ; Men of science, as moralists, admit that a purely scientific conception of life would ruin life ; Analysis of Professor Huxley's attempt to make his moral repudiation of determinism agree with his scientific assertion of universal causation ; Mr. ".
• catalog tableOfContents "shown to be absolutely valueless ; The counter- arguments which monistic science opposes to theology ; Even theologians admit the right of monistic science to speak ; Modern theologians compelled to admit the general truth of the evolutionary theory ; Embryology as an evidence of evolution ; The modern advance of embryology ; The origin of the individual life the same in man and the higher animals ; The evidence of ontogenesis ; The gill-clefts in the human embryo ; The tadpole and the frog ; Ontogenesis of the mind ; Vain attempts of theology to weaken the evidences that connect human with animal life ; Absurdities involved in the attempt to give any scientific form to the doctrine of the introduction into the human ovum of a soul separate from matter".
• catalog title "Religion as credible doctrine : a study of the fundamental difficulty / by W. H. Mallock.".
• catalog type "text".