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• catalog abstract "The Tiandihui, also known as the Heaven and Earth Association or the Triads, was one of the earliest, largest, and most enduring of the Chinese secret societies that have played crucial roles at decisive junctures in modern Chinese history. These organizations were characterized by ceremonial rituals, often in the form of blood oaths, that brought people together for a common goal. Some were organized for clandestine, criminal, or even seditious purposes by people alienated from or at the margins of society. Others were organized for mutual protection or the administration of local activities by law-abiding members of a given community. The common perception in the twentieth century, both in China and in the West, was that the Tiandihui was founded by Chinese patriots in the seventeenth century for the purpose of overthrowing the Qing (Manchu) dynasty and restoring the Ming (Chinese). This view was put forward by Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries who claimed that, like the anti-Manchu founders of the Tiandihui, their goal was to strip the Manchus of their throne. The Chinese Nationalists (Guomindang) today claim the Tiandihui as part of their heritage. This book relates a very different history of the origins of the Tiandihui. Using Qing dynasty archives that were made available in both Beijing and Taipei during the last decades, the author shows that the Tiandihui was founded not as a political movement but as a mutual aid brotherhood in 1761, a century after the date given by traditional historiography. She contends that histories depicting Ming loyalism as the raison d'etre of the Tiandihui are based on internally generated sources and, in part, on the "Xi Lu Legend," a creation myth that tells of monks from the Shaolin Monastery aiding the emperor in fighting the Xi Lu barbarians. Because of its importance to the theories of Ming loyalist scholars and its impact on Tiandihui historiography as a whole, the author thoroughly investigates the legend, revealing it to be the product of later - not founding - generations of Tiandihui members and a tale with an evolution of its own. The seven extant versions of the legend itself appear in English translation as an appendix. This book thus accomplishes three things: it reviews and analyzes the extensive Tiandihui literature; it makes available to Western scholars information from archival materials heretofore seen only by a few Chinese specialists; and it firmly establishes an authoritative chronology of the Tiandihui's early history.".
• catalog contributor b4127496.
• catalog contributor b4127497.
• catalog created "1994.".
• catalog date "1994".
• catalog date "1994.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "1994.".
• catalog description "1. Beginnings: The Eighteenth Century -- 2. Spread and Elaboration: The Nineteenth Century -- 3. The Tiandihui in Western Historiography -- 4. The Tiandihui in Chinese Historiography -- 5. The Tiandihui in Myth and Legend -- App. A. The Testimony of Key Tiandihui Offenders -- App. B. The Seven Chinese Versions of the Xi Lu Legend -- App. C. The Founding of Secret Societies, 1718-1850 -- App. D. Concordance for British Museum Documents Published by Xiao Yishan -- App. E. Tiandihui Oaths.".
• catalog description "Because of its importance to the theories of Ming loyalist scholars and its impact on Tiandihui historiography as a whole, the author thoroughly investigates the legend, revealing it to be the product of later - not founding - generations of Tiandihui members and a tale with an evolution of its own. The seven extant versions of the legend itself appear in English translation as an appendix.".
• catalog description "Includes bibliographical references (p. [303]-338) and index.".
• catalog description "She contends that histories depicting Ming loyalism as the raison d'etre of the Tiandihui are based on internally generated sources and, in part, on the "Xi Lu Legend," a creation myth that tells of monks from the Shaolin Monastery aiding the emperor in fighting the Xi Lu barbarians.".
• catalog description "Some were organized for clandestine, criminal, or even seditious purposes by people alienated from or at the margins of society. Others were organized for mutual protection or the administration of local activities by law-abiding members of a given community.".
• catalog description "The Chinese Nationalists (Guomindang) today claim the Tiandihui as part of their heritage.".
• catalog description "The Tiandihui, also known as the Heaven and Earth Association or the Triads, was one of the earliest, largest, and most enduring of the Chinese secret societies that have played crucial roles at decisive junctures in modern Chinese history. These organizations were characterized by ceremonial rituals, often in the form of blood oaths, that brought people together for a common goal.".
• catalog description "The common perception in the twentieth century, both in China and in the West, was that the Tiandihui was founded by Chinese patriots in the seventeenth century for the purpose of overthrowing the Qing (Manchu) dynasty and restoring the Ming (Chinese). This view was put forward by Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries who claimed that, like the anti-Manchu founders of the Tiandihui, their goal was to strip the Manchus of their throne.".
• catalog description "This book relates a very different history of the origins of the Tiandihui. Using Qing dynasty archives that were made available in both Beijing and Taipei during the last decades, the author shows that the Tiandihui was founded not as a political movement but as a mutual aid brotherhood in 1761, a century after the date given by traditional historiography.".
• catalog description "This book thus accomplishes three things: it reviews and analyzes the extensive Tiandihui literature; it makes available to Western scholars information from archival materials heretofore seen only by a few Chinese specialists; and it firmly establishes an authoritative chronology of the Tiandihui's early history.".
• catalog extent "ix, 350 p. :".
• catalog identifier "0804723249 (alk. paper) :".
• catalog issued "1994".
• catalog issued "1994.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog publisher "Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press,".
• catalog subject "366 20".
• catalog subject "HS310.Z6 H8643 1994".
• catalog subject "Hong men (Society) History.".
• catalog tableOfContents "1. Beginnings: The Eighteenth Century -- 2. Spread and Elaboration: The Nineteenth Century -- 3. The Tiandihui in Western Historiography -- 4. The Tiandihui in Chinese Historiography -- 5. The Tiandihui in Myth and Legend -- App. A. The Testimony of Key Tiandihui Offenders -- App. B. The Seven Chinese Versions of the Xi Lu Legend -- App. C. The Founding of Secret Societies, 1718-1850 -- App. D. Concordance for British Museum Documents Published by Xiao Yishan -- App. E. Tiandihui Oaths.".
• catalog title "The origins of the Tiandihui : the Chinese triads in legend and history / Dian H. Murray, in collaboration with Qin Baoqi.".
• catalog type "History. fast".
• catalog type "text".