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• catalog abstract "The historical pattern of land use in China has been described as a process of clearance of forest for conversion to agriculture. There is evidence though that forests were protected, maintained, or intensively managed in some places, often for periods of several centuries. This book describes six examples of managed forests varying from the Imperial Hunting Enclosure in north-eastern China to intensively cultivated small-scale systems where timber was grown as a commercial product intercropped with other cash crops. The author shows that individuals and communities acted to manage resources for a number of reasons including economic benefit, and religious or symbolic purposes. Users adopted different management strategies to suit their own organisational capacities and changing social and economic conditions. Sustainability of these management systems depended on the users' ability to control access to and utilisation of the resource, and their ability to adjust to changes over time.".
• catalog contributor b6035988.
• catalog coverage "China History Qing dynasty, 1644-1912.".
• catalog created "1994.".
• catalog date "1994".
• catalog date "1994.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "1994.".
• catalog description "Forestry and Ethnic Minorities. Why Plant Trees: Enforcement or Incentives? -- 7. Beyond Timber: Fuelwood, Sericulture and Fungi. Fuelwood and Charcoal. Silk and Edible Fungi -- 8. In the Depths of the Mountains: Logging the Old Growth. Bandits, Logging, and the Pacification of the Wilderness. Economic Links: Markets and the timing of Logging Operations. Control and Enforcement. Constraints on Settlement and Conversion -- 9. Discussion and Conclusions. Enforcement and Compliance. Deforestation or Forest Management -- some Issues -- App. Methods Used in the Study -- App. Sources -- References in Western Languages -- References in Chinese and Japanese -- Local and Temple Gazetteers -- Personal Communications.".
• catalog description "Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-171) and index.".
• catalog description "Sustainability of these management systems depended on the users' ability to control access to and utilisation of the resource, and their ability to adjust to changes over time.".
• catalog description "The historical pattern of land use in China has been described as a process of clearance of forest for conversion to agriculture. There is evidence though that forests were protected, maintained, or intensively managed in some places, often for periods of several centuries.".
• catalog description "This book describes six examples of managed forests varying from the Imperial Hunting Enclosure in north-eastern China to intensively cultivated small-scale systems where timber was grown as a commercial product intercropped with other cash crops. The author shows that individuals and communities acted to manage resources for a number of reasons including economic benefit, and religious or symbolic purposes. Users adopted different management strategies to suit their own organisational capacities and changing social and economic conditions.".
• catalog extent "ix, 175 p. :".
• catalog identifier "0312102542".
• catalog identifier "0333600487".
• catalog isPartOf "Studies on the Chinese economy".
• catalog issued "1994".
• catalog issued "1994.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog publisher "New York : St. Martin's Press,".
• catalog spatial "China History Qing dynasty, 1644-1912.".
• catalog spatial "China".
• catalog subject "333.75/0951/0903 20".
• catalog subject "Deforestation China History.".
• catalog subject "Forest management China History.".
• catalog subject "Forests and forestry China History.".
• catalog subject "Forests and forestry Economic aspects China History.".
• catalog subject "Land tenure China History.".
• catalog subject "SD221 .M39 1994".
• catalog subject "SD221 .M39 1994X".
• catalog tableOfContents "Forestry and Ethnic Minorities. Why Plant Trees: Enforcement or Incentives? -- 7. Beyond Timber: Fuelwood, Sericulture and Fungi. Fuelwood and Charcoal. Silk and Edible Fungi -- 8. In the Depths of the Mountains: Logging the Old Growth. Bandits, Logging, and the Pacification of the Wilderness. Economic Links: Markets and the timing of Logging Operations. Control and Enforcement. Constraints on Settlement and Conversion -- 9. Discussion and Conclusions. Enforcement and Compliance. Deforestation or Forest Management -- some Issues -- App. Methods Used in the Study -- App. Sources -- References in Western Languages -- References in Chinese and Japanese -- Local and Temple Gazetteers -- Personal Communications.".
• catalog title "Forest and land management in Imperial China / Nicholas K. Menzies.".
• catalog type "History. fast".
• catalog type "text".