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• catalog contributor b7112983.
• catalog contributor b7112984.
• catalog contributor b7112985.
• catalog contributor b7112986.
• catalog contributor b7112987.
• catalog coverage "Congo (Democratic Republic)".
• catalog created "1994.".
• catalog date "1994".
• catalog date "1994.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "1994.".
• catalog description "Energy. Petroleum and other fuels ; Electricity -- Transportation and telecommunications -- Foreign exchange relations. Trade and balance of payments ; Foreign aid ; Foreign investment -- Prospects for growth -- Postindependence political development. Establishment of a personalistic regime ; The part-state as a system of rule -- Political reform in the 1990s. Proclamation of the third republic ; Subsequent political developments, 1990-93 -- Structure of government. The presidency ; The national executive council ; The legislature ; The judiciary and the courts ; Local government -- Political dynamics. Managing the military ; Opposition to the regime prior to 1990 ; Opposition since 1990 ; Interest groups ; The media -- Foreign policy. Relations with the West ; Relations with the communist world ; Regional relations -- National security environment -- ".
• catalog description "Ethnic groups. Non-Bantu speakers of the northern Savannas and forest fringe ; Bantu speakers of the Congo River Basin and its environs ; Bantu speakers of the eastern forest and plain ; Bantu speakers of the eastern highlands ; Peoples of the Savannas: southeastern Zaire ; Peoples of the Savannas: Lunda region ; Peoples of the southern uplands: Kasai-Shaba ; Peoples of the lower Kasai and its tributaries ; Peoples between the Kwango and the Kasai ; The Kongo peoples ; The significance of ethnic identification -- Indigenous social systems -- Zairian social classes. The external estate ; The politico-commercial class ; The new commercial class ; Other high-status groups ; The subbourgeoisie ; The working class ; The informal sector ; Peasants -- Polarization and prospects for conflict -- Strategies of survival. Coping and hustling ; Theft and bribery ; Patron-client relations ; Resistance ; Flight -- The status of women -- ".
• catalog description "Evolution of the armed forces. The colonial period ; The Congolese National Army ; The military under Mobutu ; Creation of the Zairian armed forces ; Involvement in Angola ; Shaba I ; Shaba II -- Public attitudes toward the military -- Armed forces missions and organization. Army ; Navy ; Air force ; National gendarmerie -- Armed forces manpower and training. Recruitment and retention ; Conditions of service ; Military schools ; Uniforms, ranks, and insignia -- Foreign military relations. Foreign influences ; Zaire as military aid donor -- Public order and internal security -- The civil security apparatus. Development of a national police force ; Local police ; The intelligence apparatus and security forces ; The party security apparatus ; Popular attitudes toward the civil security apparatus -- The legal and penal systems. Criminal law and the penal code ; The judicial system ; The prison system -- Civil and human rights.".
• catalog description "Human origins -- Early historical perspectives. State systems versus segmentary societies ; Rulers and ruled ; External pressures -- The colonial state. The Léopoldian legacy ; Belgian paternalism: underlying postulates ; The apparatus of control ; Postwar reforms -- Nationalist awakenings. The rise of militant ethnicity: Abako ; The challenge of territorial nationalism: Lumumba and the MNC ; Settler politics in Katanga -- The crisis of decolonization. The road to independence ; The mutiny of the force publique ; The center no longer holds ; The secession of Katanga ; The UN intervention -- The first republic, 1960-65. The Adoula government, August 1961-July 1964 ; Rural insurgencies: the "second independence" ; Mobutu's second coming -- ".
• catalog description "Includes bibliographical references (p. 343-363) and index.".
• catalog description "Religion. The Roman Catholic Church ; Protestant churches ; The Kimbanguist church ; Other African Christian movements ; Traditional African religions -- Education. Policy changes ; Institutional problems -- Health and medical services. Incidence of disease ; Health care system ; Sanitation and nutrition ; Family planning -- Background and overview of the economy. Early economic activity ; From colonial times to independence ; Postindependence ; Zairianization ; Economic decline ; The 1983 reforms ; The 1987 plan ; The 1989 reform -- Role of government. Parastatals ; Patrimonial politics and corruption ; Investment projects -- Structure and dynamics of the economy. Gross domestic product ; The informal economy ; Currency ; Inflation ; Budget ; Debt ; Banking ; Labor -- Agriculture. National land law system ; Crops ; Forestry ; Fishing and livestock -- Mining. Copper and zinc ; Cobalt ; Manganese ; Tin and related materials ; Gold ; Diamonds -- Industry -- ".
• catalog description "The second republic, 1965-90: the rebirth of bula matari. Mobutu, self-proclaimed father of the nation ; Toward political reconstruction ; The quest for legitimacy ; The expansion of state authority ; Zairianization, radicalization, and retrocession ; External threats to regime stability ; The durability of the patrimonial state -- Geography and environment. Rivers and lakes ; Geographic regions ; Climate ; Environmental trends -- Population. Size and growth ; Population distribution ; Urbanization: causes and characteristics -- Languages. Officially recognized languages ; Other indigenous languages -- ".
• catalog extent "lvii, 394 p. :".
• catalog hasFormat "Zaire".
• catalog hasFormat "Zaire.".
• catalog identifier "084440795X".
• catalog isFormatOf "Zaire".
• catalog isFormatOf "Zaire.".
• catalog isPartOf "Area handbook series, 1057-5294".
• catalog isPartOf "Area handbook series.".
• catalog isPartOf "DA pam ; 550-67".
• catalog isPartOf "DA pam ; 550-67.".
• catalog isPartOf "LLMC Digital net".
• catalog issued "1994".
• catalog issued "1994.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog publisher "Washington, D.C. : The Division : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,".
• catalog relation "Zaire".
• catalog relation "Zaire.".
• catalog spatial "Congo (Democratic Republic)".
• catalog subject "967.51 20".
• catalog subject "COUNTRY STUDIES. unbist".
• catalog subject "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. unbist".
• catalog subject "DT644 .Z3425 1994 Z663.275".
• catalog subject "ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. unbist".
• catalog subject "POLITICAL CONDITIONS. unbist".
• catalog subject "SOCIAL CONDITIONS. unbist".
• catalog tableOfContents "Energy. Petroleum and other fuels ; Electricity -- Transportation and telecommunications -- Foreign exchange relations. Trade and balance of payments ; Foreign aid ; Foreign investment -- Prospects for growth -- Postindependence political development. Establishment of a personalistic regime ; The part-state as a system of rule -- Political reform in the 1990s. Proclamation of the third republic ; Subsequent political developments, 1990-93 -- Structure of government. The presidency ; The national executive council ; The legislature ; The judiciary and the courts ; Local government -- Political dynamics. Managing the military ; Opposition to the regime prior to 1990 ; Opposition since 1990 ; Interest groups ; The media -- Foreign policy. Relations with the West ; Relations with the communist world ; Regional relations -- National security environment -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Ethnic groups. Non-Bantu speakers of the northern Savannas and forest fringe ; Bantu speakers of the Congo River Basin and its environs ; Bantu speakers of the eastern forest and plain ; Bantu speakers of the eastern highlands ; Peoples of the Savannas: southeastern Zaire ; Peoples of the Savannas: Lunda region ; Peoples of the southern uplands: Kasai-Shaba ; Peoples of the lower Kasai and its tributaries ; Peoples between the Kwango and the Kasai ; The Kongo peoples ; The significance of ethnic identification -- Indigenous social systems -- Zairian social classes. The external estate ; The politico-commercial class ; The new commercial class ; Other high-status groups ; The subbourgeoisie ; The working class ; The informal sector ; Peasants -- Polarization and prospects for conflict -- Strategies of survival. Coping and hustling ; Theft and bribery ; Patron-client relations ; Resistance ; Flight -- The status of women -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Evolution of the armed forces. The colonial period ; The Congolese National Army ; The military under Mobutu ; Creation of the Zairian armed forces ; Involvement in Angola ; Shaba I ; Shaba II -- Public attitudes toward the military -- Armed forces missions and organization. Army ; Navy ; Air force ; National gendarmerie -- Armed forces manpower and training. Recruitment and retention ; Conditions of service ; Military schools ; Uniforms, ranks, and insignia -- Foreign military relations. Foreign influences ; Zaire as military aid donor -- Public order and internal security -- The civil security apparatus. Development of a national police force ; Local police ; The intelligence apparatus and security forces ; The party security apparatus ; Popular attitudes toward the civil security apparatus -- The legal and penal systems. Criminal law and the penal code ; The judicial system ; The prison system -- Civil and human rights.".
• catalog tableOfContents "Human origins -- Early historical perspectives. State systems versus segmentary societies ; Rulers and ruled ; External pressures -- The colonial state. The Léopoldian legacy ; Belgian paternalism: underlying postulates ; The apparatus of control ; Postwar reforms -- Nationalist awakenings. The rise of militant ethnicity: Abako ; The challenge of territorial nationalism: Lumumba and the MNC ; Settler politics in Katanga -- The crisis of decolonization. The road to independence ; The mutiny of the force publique ; The center no longer holds ; The secession of Katanga ; The UN intervention -- The first republic, 1960-65. The Adoula government, August 1961-July 1964 ; Rural insurgencies: the "second independence" ; Mobutu's second coming -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "Religion. The Roman Catholic Church ; Protestant churches ; The Kimbanguist church ; Other African Christian movements ; Traditional African religions -- Education. Policy changes ; Institutional problems -- Health and medical services. Incidence of disease ; Health care system ; Sanitation and nutrition ; Family planning -- Background and overview of the economy. Early economic activity ; From colonial times to independence ; Postindependence ; Zairianization ; Economic decline ; The 1983 reforms ; The 1987 plan ; The 1989 reform -- Role of government. Parastatals ; Patrimonial politics and corruption ; Investment projects -- Structure and dynamics of the economy. Gross domestic product ; The informal economy ; Currency ; Inflation ; Budget ; Debt ; Banking ; Labor -- Agriculture. National land law system ; Crops ; Forestry ; Fishing and livestock -- Mining. Copper and zinc ; Cobalt ; Manganese ; Tin and related materials ; Gold ; Diamonds -- Industry -- ".
• catalog tableOfContents "The second republic, 1965-90: the rebirth of bula matari. Mobutu, self-proclaimed father of the nation ; Toward political reconstruction ; The quest for legitimacy ; The expansion of state authority ; Zairianization, radicalization, and retrocession ; External threats to regime stability ; The durability of the patrimonial state -- Geography and environment. Rivers and lakes ; Geographic regions ; Climate ; Environmental trends -- Population. Size and growth ; Population distribution ; Urbanization: causes and characteristics -- Languages. Officially recognized languages ; Other indigenous languages -- ".
• catalog title "Zaire : a country study / Federal Research Division, Library of Congress ; edited by Sandra W. Meditz and Tim Merrill.".
• catalog type "text".