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catalog abstract "From the press release: "The eight chemicals that the panel deemed safe at this point are hexabromocyclododecane, decabromodiphenyl oxide, alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, ammonium polyphosphates, phosphonic acid, and tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride. Although toxicity data for some of them are inadequate for certain routes of exposure, these chemicals were found to be safe even under the worst-case exposure assumptions ... Because of limited data, the panel could not rule out the potential for eight of the flame-retardant chemicals to cause health problems, including cancer in certain cases, so it recommended further study to determine the extent to which the population could be exposed to these chemicals. The eight chemicals requiring exposure analyses or dermal absorption studies are antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide and sodium antimonates, calcium and zinc molybdates, organic phosphonates and cyclic phosphonate esters (dimethyl hydrogen phosphite), tris (monochloropropyl) phosphates, tris (1,3-dichloropropyl-2) phosphate, aromatic phosphate plasticizers (tricresyl phosphate), and chlorinated paraffins."".
catalog contributor b11748323.
catalog created "2000.".
catalog date "2000".
catalog date "2000.".
catalog dateCopyrighted "2000.".
catalog description "16 Tris(1,3-Dichloropropyl-2) Phosphate 358 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 358 -- Occurrence and Use 360 -- Toxicokinetics 360 -- Hazard Identification 363 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 372 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 378 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 384 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 384 -- 17 Aromatic Phosphate Plasticizers 387 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 387 -- Occurrence and Use 389 -- Toxicokinetics 389 -- Hazard Identification 393 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 406 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 409 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 413 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 413 -- 18 Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Salts 417 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 418 -- Occurrence and Use 419 -- Toxicokinetics 419 -- Hazard Identification 420 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 430 --".
catalog description "291 -- Toxicokinetics 294 -- Hazard Identification 294 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 300 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 301 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 304 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 304 -- 14 Organic Phosphonates 307 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 307 -- Occurrence and Use 307 -- Toxicokinetics 309 -- Hazard Identification 310 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 324 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 327 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 334 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 334 -- 15 Tris Monochloropropyl Phosphate 338 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 338 -- Occurrence and Use 340 -- Toxicokinetics 341 -- Hazard Identification 342 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 352 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 353 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 355 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 355 --".
catalog description "Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 433 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 436 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 436 -- 19 Chlorinated Paraffins 381 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 440 -- Occurrence and Use 442 -- Toxicokinetics 442 -- Hazard Identification 447 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 479 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 484 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 488 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 488 -- Appendix B Flame-Retardant Composition in Fabrics: Their Durability and Permanence 499.".
catalog description "From the press release: "The eight chemicals that the panel deemed safe at this point are hexabromocyclododecane, decabromodiphenyl oxide, alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, ammonium polyphosphates, phosphonic acid, and tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride. Although toxicity data for some of them are inadequate for certain routes of exposure, these chemicals were found to be safe even under the worst-case exposure assumptions ... Because of limited data, the panel could not rule out the potential for eight of the flame-retardant chemicals to cause health problems, including cancer in certain cases, so it recommended further study to determine the extent to which the population could be exposed to these chemicals. The eight chemicals requiring exposure analyses or dermal absorption studies are antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide and sodium antimonates, calcium and zinc molybdates, organic phosphonates and cyclic phosphonate esters (dimethyl hydrogen phosphite), tris (monochloropropyl) phosphates, tris (1,3-dichloropropyl-2) phosphate, aromatic phosphate plasticizers (tricresyl phosphate), and chlorinated paraffins."".
catalog description "Hazard Identification 75 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 84 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 88 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 93 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 94 -- 6 Alumina Trihydrate 99 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 99 -- Occurrence and Use 100 -- Toxicokinetics 100 -- Hazard Identification 105 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 118 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 120 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 122 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 122 -- 7 Magnesium Hydroxide 131 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 131 -- Occurrence and Use 131 -- Toxicokinetics 133 -- Hazard Identification 135 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 142 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 143 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 145 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 145 -- 8 Zinc Borate 149 --".
catalog description "Includes bibliographical references.".
catalog description "Physical and Chemical Properties 149 -- Occurrence and Use 150 -- Toxicokinetics 151 -- Hazard Identification 155 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 178 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 181 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 183 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 183 -- 9 Calcium and Zinc Molybdates 192 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 192 -- Occurrence and Use 192 -- Toxicokinetics 194 -- Hazard Identification 198 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 214 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 219 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 222 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 222 -- 10 Antimony Trioxide 229 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 229 -- Occurrence and Use 229 -- Toxicokinetics 230 -- Hazard Identification 232 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 250 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 253 --".
catalog description "Recommendations from Other Organizations 256 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 257 -- 11 Antimony Pentoxide and Sodium Antimonate 262 -- Physical And Chemical Properties 262 -- Occurrence and Use 262 -- Toxicokinetics 263 -- Hazard Identification 265 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 267 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 268 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 270 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 270 -- 12 Ammonium Polyphosphates 273 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 273 -- Occurrence and Use 275 -- Toxicokinetics 275 -- Hazard Identification 277 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 284 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 285 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 288 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 288 -- 13 Phosphonic Acid, (3-{[Hydroxymethly] Amino{-3-oxopropyl)-Dimethyl Ester 291 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 291 -- Occurrence and Use".
catalog description "The Charge to the Subcommittee 16 -- The Subcommittee's Approach to Its Charge 17 -- Flame Retardant Processes 18 -- California, United Kingdom, and European Experience 19 -- Organization of this Report 20 -- 2 Assessment of Health Risks from the Use of Flame Retardants 21 -- The Subcommittee's Risk Assessment Process 22 -- 3 Exposure Assessment Methodology 35 -- Dermal Exposure Scenario 37 -- Inhalation Exposure Scenario 42 -- Oral Exposure Scenario 49 -- 4 Hexabromocyclododecane 53 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 53 -- Occurrence and Use 53 -- Toxicokinetics 54 -- Hazard Identification 55 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 63 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 65 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 68 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 69 -- 5 Decabromodiphenyl Oxide 72 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 72 -- Occurrence and Use 72 -- Toxicokinetics 74 --".
catalog extent "xx, 512 p. :".
catalog identifier "0309070473".
catalog isPartOf "Compass series (Washington, D.C.)".
catalog isPartOf "Compass series".
catalog issued "2000".
catalog issued "2000.".
catalog language "eng".
catalog publisher "Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press,".
catalog subject "Fireproofing agents Toxicology.".
catalog subject "Flame Retardants toxicity.".
catalog subject "RA1270.F54 T69 2000".
catalog tableOfContents "16 Tris(1,3-Dichloropropyl-2) Phosphate 358 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 358 -- Occurrence and Use 360 -- Toxicokinetics 360 -- Hazard Identification 363 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 372 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 378 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 384 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 384 -- 17 Aromatic Phosphate Plasticizers 387 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 387 -- Occurrence and Use 389 -- Toxicokinetics 389 -- Hazard Identification 393 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 406 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 409 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 413 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 413 -- 18 Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Salts 417 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 418 -- Occurrence and Use 419 -- Toxicokinetics 419 -- Hazard Identification 420 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 430 --".
catalog tableOfContents "291 -- Toxicokinetics 294 -- Hazard Identification 294 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 300 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 301 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 304 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 304 -- 14 Organic Phosphonates 307 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 307 -- Occurrence and Use 307 -- Toxicokinetics 309 -- Hazard Identification 310 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 324 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 327 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 334 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 334 -- 15 Tris Monochloropropyl Phosphate 338 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 338 -- Occurrence and Use 340 -- Toxicokinetics 341 -- Hazard Identification 342 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 352 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 353 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 355 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 355 --".
catalog tableOfContents "Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 433 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 436 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 436 -- 19 Chlorinated Paraffins 381 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 440 -- Occurrence and Use 442 -- Toxicokinetics 442 -- Hazard Identification 447 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 479 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 484 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 488 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 488 -- Appendix B Flame-Retardant Composition in Fabrics: Their Durability and Permanence 499.".
catalog tableOfContents "Hazard Identification 75 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 84 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 88 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 93 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 94 -- 6 Alumina Trihydrate 99 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 99 -- Occurrence and Use 100 -- Toxicokinetics 100 -- Hazard Identification 105 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 118 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 120 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 122 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 122 -- 7 Magnesium Hydroxide 131 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 131 -- Occurrence and Use 131 -- Toxicokinetics 133 -- Hazard Identification 135 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 142 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 143 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 145 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 145 -- 8 Zinc Borate 149 --".
catalog tableOfContents "Physical and Chemical Properties 149 -- Occurrence and Use 150 -- Toxicokinetics 151 -- Hazard Identification 155 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 178 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 181 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 183 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 183 -- 9 Calcium and Zinc Molybdates 192 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 192 -- Occurrence and Use 192 -- Toxicokinetics 194 -- Hazard Identification 198 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 214 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 219 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 222 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 222 -- 10 Antimony Trioxide 229 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 229 -- Occurrence and Use 229 -- Toxicokinetics 230 -- Hazard Identification 232 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 250 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 253 --".
catalog tableOfContents "Recommendations from Other Organizations 256 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 257 -- 11 Antimony Pentoxide and Sodium Antimonate 262 -- Physical And Chemical Properties 262 -- Occurrence and Use 262 -- Toxicokinetics 263 -- Hazard Identification 265 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 267 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 268 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 270 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 270 -- 12 Ammonium Polyphosphates 273 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 273 -- Occurrence and Use 275 -- Toxicokinetics 275 -- Hazard Identification 277 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 284 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 285 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 288 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 288 -- 13 Phosphonic Acid, (3-{[Hydroxymethly] Amino{-3-oxopropyl)-Dimethyl Ester 291 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 291 -- Occurrence and Use".
catalog tableOfContents "The Charge to the Subcommittee 16 -- The Subcommittee's Approach to Its Charge 17 -- Flame Retardant Processes 18 -- California, United Kingdom, and European Experience 19 -- Organization of this Report 20 -- 2 Assessment of Health Risks from the Use of Flame Retardants 21 -- The Subcommittee's Risk Assessment Process 22 -- 3 Exposure Assessment Methodology 35 -- Dermal Exposure Scenario 37 -- Inhalation Exposure Scenario 42 -- Oral Exposure Scenario 49 -- 4 Hexabromocyclododecane 53 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 53 -- Occurrence and Use 53 -- Toxicokinetics 54 -- Hazard Identification 55 -- Quantitative Toxicity Assessment 63 -- Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization 65 -- Recommendations from Other Organizations 68 -- Data Gaps and Research Needs 69 -- 5 Decabromodiphenyl Oxide 72 -- Physical and Chemical Properties 72 -- Occurrence and Use 72 -- Toxicokinetics 74 --".
catalog title "Toxicological risks of selected flame-retardant chemicals / Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.".
catalog type "text".