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catalog abstract "This report describes the implementation of California's Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program in its first two years. According to the CalWORKs welfare-to-work model, immediately following the approval of the aid application, nearly all recipients search for jobs in the context of Job Clubs. For those who do not find employment through job search, an intensive assessment and a sequence of activities follow, to identify and overcome barriers to employment. Implementation in most counties is proceeding more slowly than some observers had hoped, but about as fast as could realistically be expected. County welfare districts (CWDs) face the dual challenge of expanding their capacity to deal with the new, higher, steady-state workload that CalWORKs entails and handling the much larger one-time surge of old cases as they move through the system. Providing mandated support services--child care and transportation; education and training; and treatment for alcohol and substance abuse, mental health, and domestic abuse--has been a challenge for most CWDs. To cope with this expanded workload, they have made different capacity-building decisions. The slow pace of movement through the system is worrisome, however, given the five-year lifetime limit that aid recipients face. Finally, those who have found jobs often do not earn enough to move them completely off aid and toward self-sufficiency. Additional post-employment services appear to be needed. (MP).".
catalog alternative "State and county implementation of CalWORKs in the second year".
catalog contributor b12143842.
catalog contributor b12143843.
catalog contributor b12143844.
catalog created "2001.".
catalog date "2001".
catalog date "2001.".
catalog dateCopyrighted "2001.".
catalog description "310 -- Concerns About the Five-Year Time Limit 310 -- County Concerns 310 -- Coordination Between CWD and CPS 311 -- Lack of Reporting on Measures of Child Well-Being 316 -- Stresses on Child Welfare Caused by Work Requirement for Single- and Two-Parent Families 316 -- Child Support As a Replacement for Welfare 318 -- School Attendance and Immunizations 320 -- 12. Issues for Further Consideration 325 -- The Central WTW Path: Issues for Further Consideration 326 -- Combining Eligibility and WTW Operations 327 -- Pace of Implementation Through the Sequence of Activities 330 -- Outcomes-Based Management 333 -- "Pure" Versus "Modified" Work-First Approach 334 -- The Noncompliance and Sanctions Path: Issues for Further Consideration 337 -- The Issue of Noncompliance 337 -- Home Visits 338 -- Sanctions 339 -- The Post-Employment Services Path: Issues for Further Consideration 340 -- Other Services 342 --".
catalog description "4. Funding of Calworks 69 -- Funding Sources and Flows 69 -- Federal Funding for CalWORKs 70 -- State CalWORKs Budget and County Fund Allocations 72 -- Budgeted Spending by CDSS and Counties 77 -- Estimated State-Level Funding Trends 77 -- MOE Compliance 80 -- County Spending 81 -- Subsequent State Funding Decisions 84 -- 5. County Implementation: Organizing for Calworks 91 -- The Growth of Workload Under CalWORKs and the Implications for Capacity 92 -- Intermediate-Term Workload Effects 93 -- Short-Term Workload Effects 97 -- How Counties Dealt with the Increasing Workload 98 -- Prioritizing Tasks 99 -- The Decision to Increase Capacity 100 -- The Strategy of Outsourcing 102 -- Considerations in Making the Outsourcing Decision 102 -- What Was Outsourced to Whom? 107 -- Contracting Process for Outsourcing 108 -- Terms of Outsourcing Contracts 111 -- How Long Did It Take to Outsource? 112 --".
catalog description "A Theoretical Perspective on the Implementation Process 4 -- A Linear View of the Welfare Reform Implementation 5 -- A Richer View of Implementation 7 -- Organization of the Document 9 -- 2. Prwora and Calworks: Legislative Provisions and Subsequent Caseload Trends 13 -- Provisions of PRWORA 13 -- Provisions of CalWORKs 15 -- The CalWorks Program Model 18 -- Caseload and Unemployment Trends after PRWORA and CalWORKs 19 -- 3. Implementation of Calworks at Cdss 25 -- CDSS's Role in Issuing CalWORKs Regulations 26 -- How the Regulatory Process Unfolded 26 -- CalWORKs Regulatory Issues 31 -- Federal Regulatory Issues 42 -- The New Administration and "Modified Work-First" 52 -- Reporting Requirements 53 -- What Information CDSS Needs 54 -- Problems with Current County Data Systems 55 -- Current Status of Reporting 59 -- What Is Needed for Program Management 64 -- The CDSS-CWD Relationship and CDSS 65 --".
catalog description "Child Care 342 -- Behavioral Health 343 -- A. Methods 347 -- B. Federal Welfare Funding after PRWORA 359 -- C. Process for Categorizing Counties for Analysis Using WTW 25 Data and County-by-County Analysis 365.".
catalog description "County Transportation Strategies 246 -- Providing Service to Clients in Remote or Rural Areas 249 -- 9. Education and Training 251 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 252 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 254 -- Institutional Context 254 -- Funding Context 256 -- State Concerns 259 -- CDSS Collaboration with EDD 260 -- CDSS Collaboration with Educational Providers 260 -- County Concerns 261 -- Work-First Versus Human-Capital Approaches 262 -- Organization of Agencies at the Local Level 264 -- Duplication of Services 265 -- Coordination 266 -- Complicated Funding Streams and Reporting Requirements 267 -- Low Referral Rates 268 -- 10. Substance Abuse, Mental Illness, and Domestic Abuse Services 271 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 272 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 272 --".
catalog description "Includes bibliographical references (p. 369-376).".
catalog description "Institutional Context 274 -- Funding Context 275 -- State Concerns 277 -- The Problem of Few Referrals and Lower Than Expected Utilization of Services 277 -- Leadership and Coordination Efforts 281 -- Monitoring Utilization of Services 283 -- Available Treatment Capacity 285 -- Concerns About Spending Allocated Funds 286 -- County Concerns 287 -- The Problem of Few Referrals and Lower Than Expected Utilization of Services 288 -- Variations in County Approaches to Identifying and Referring CalWORKs Participants 293 -- Coordination Between CWD Staff and Behavioral Health and Domestic Violence Services Providers 296 -- Quality of Care Issues 297 -- 11. Child Well-Being and Welfare 301 -- Policy and Legislative Context 302 -- Institutional Context 304 -- Funding Context 305 -- State Concerns 307 -- Coordination Between CDSS and CPS 307 -- Concern About Funding Sufficiency Using the Block Grant Approach".
catalog description "The 18/24-Month Time Limit 168 -- Another Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Noncompliance and Sanction 172 -- Levels of Noncompliance 173 -- Reasons for Noncompliance 174 -- County Home Visit Programs 178 -- Legislative Provisions to Address Noncompliance 181 -- County Responses 181 -- Sanction Rates 185 -- Another Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Employment 188 -- The Need for PES Programs 189 -- The Goals of PES Programs 190 -- County PES Programs 192 -- 7. Child Care 197 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 197 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 198 -- Institutional Context 203 -- Funding Context 205 -- State-Level Issues 205 -- Interagency Cooperation in the Three-Stage System 205 -- Parental Choice 207 -- Equity 211 -- Child Care Quality 212 -- The Fair Labor Standards Act 214 -- County Concerns 214 --".
catalog description "The Lack of Local-Level Planning 214 -- Definitions of Stability 215 -- Who Should Staff Child Care? 218 -- Providing Training for CWD Staff in Child Care Needs 219 -- Providing Training for Child Care Providers 220 -- Child Care Availability 221 -- Providing Training Enabling Participants to Become Licensed Providers 222 -- APP and Provider Issues with CalWORKs Clients 225 -- Payment to Providers 226 -- Coordination Between CWDs and APPs 227 -- Concerns About Fraud 228 -- Variation in County Spending on Child Care Services 229 -- Variations in How Counties Organized the Administration of Child Care Funds Across the Three Stages 231 -- 8. Transportation 237 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 237 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 238 -- Institutional Context 239 -- Funding Context 240 -- State Implementation 240 -- Implementation 245 --".
catalog description "The Strategy of Adding Staff 113 -- The Process of Adding Staff 113 -- The Process of Making Staffing Structure Changes 116 -- What Staffing Strategies Did the Counties Choose? 119 -- Labor Relations 125 -- Changing Program Philosophy and Outcomes-Based Management 127 -- 6. Delivering Calworks at the Street Level 133 -- The CalWORKs Process of Implementation 134 -- A Static View of the Status of Implementation 137 -- Initial Phase: Steps Through the Signing of a WTW Plan 141 -- Describing the Content of the Initial Phase 141 -- The Flow of Participants Through the Initial Phase 145 -- Processing the Existing Caseload 148 -- One Other Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Exemptions and SIPs 157 -- Pure Work-First 157 -- Modified Work-First 158 -- Diversion 161 -- Second Phase -- Welfare-to-Work Activities 161 -- Assessment and Development of a WTW Plan 162 -- WTW Activities 164 --".
catalog description "This report describes the implementation of California's Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program in its first two years. According to the CalWORKs welfare-to-work model, immediately following the approval of the aid application, nearly all recipients search for jobs in the context of Job Clubs. For those who do not find employment through job search, an intensive assessment and a sequence of activities follow, to identify and overcome barriers to employment. Implementation in most counties is proceeding more slowly than some observers had hoped, but about as fast as could realistically be expected. County welfare districts (CWDs) face the dual challenge of expanding their capacity to deal with the new, higher, steady-state workload that CalWORKs entails and handling the much larger one-time surge of old cases as they move through the system. Providing mandated support services--child care and transportation; education and training; and treatment for alcohol and substance abuse, mental health, and domestic abuse--has been a challenge for most CWDs. To cope with this expanded workload, they have made different capacity-building decisions. The slow pace of movement through the system is worrisome, however, given the five-year lifetime limit that aid recipients face. Finally, those who have found jobs often do not earn enough to move them completely off aid and toward self-sufficiency. Additional post-employment services appear to be needed. (MP).".
catalog extent "xxxviii, 376 p. :".
catalog identifier "0833028812 (executive summary)".
catalog identifier "0833028820".
catalog isPartOf "Rand statewide CalWORKS evaluation".
catalog issued "2001".
catalog issued "2001.".
catalog language "eng".
catalog publisher "Santa Monica, CA : Rand,".
catalog spatial "California.".
catalog subject "California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program)".
catalog subject "Public welfare California.".
catalog subject "Welfare recipients Employment California.".
catalog tableOfContents "310 -- Concerns About the Five-Year Time Limit 310 -- County Concerns 310 -- Coordination Between CWD and CPS 311 -- Lack of Reporting on Measures of Child Well-Being 316 -- Stresses on Child Welfare Caused by Work Requirement for Single- and Two-Parent Families 316 -- Child Support As a Replacement for Welfare 318 -- School Attendance and Immunizations 320 -- 12. Issues for Further Consideration 325 -- The Central WTW Path: Issues for Further Consideration 326 -- Combining Eligibility and WTW Operations 327 -- Pace of Implementation Through the Sequence of Activities 330 -- Outcomes-Based Management 333 -- "Pure" Versus "Modified" Work-First Approach 334 -- The Noncompliance and Sanctions Path: Issues for Further Consideration 337 -- The Issue of Noncompliance 337 -- Home Visits 338 -- Sanctions 339 -- The Post-Employment Services Path: Issues for Further Consideration 340 -- Other Services 342 --".
catalog tableOfContents "4. Funding of Calworks 69 -- Funding Sources and Flows 69 -- Federal Funding for CalWORKs 70 -- State CalWORKs Budget and County Fund Allocations 72 -- Budgeted Spending by CDSS and Counties 77 -- Estimated State-Level Funding Trends 77 -- MOE Compliance 80 -- County Spending 81 -- Subsequent State Funding Decisions 84 -- 5. County Implementation: Organizing for Calworks 91 -- The Growth of Workload Under CalWORKs and the Implications for Capacity 92 -- Intermediate-Term Workload Effects 93 -- Short-Term Workload Effects 97 -- How Counties Dealt with the Increasing Workload 98 -- Prioritizing Tasks 99 -- The Decision to Increase Capacity 100 -- The Strategy of Outsourcing 102 -- Considerations in Making the Outsourcing Decision 102 -- What Was Outsourced to Whom? 107 -- Contracting Process for Outsourcing 108 -- Terms of Outsourcing Contracts 111 -- How Long Did It Take to Outsource? 112 --".
catalog tableOfContents "A Theoretical Perspective on the Implementation Process 4 -- A Linear View of the Welfare Reform Implementation 5 -- A Richer View of Implementation 7 -- Organization of the Document 9 -- 2. Prwora and Calworks: Legislative Provisions and Subsequent Caseload Trends 13 -- Provisions of PRWORA 13 -- Provisions of CalWORKs 15 -- The CalWorks Program Model 18 -- Caseload and Unemployment Trends after PRWORA and CalWORKs 19 -- 3. Implementation of Calworks at Cdss 25 -- CDSS's Role in Issuing CalWORKs Regulations 26 -- How the Regulatory Process Unfolded 26 -- CalWORKs Regulatory Issues 31 -- Federal Regulatory Issues 42 -- The New Administration and "Modified Work-First" 52 -- Reporting Requirements 53 -- What Information CDSS Needs 54 -- Problems with Current County Data Systems 55 -- Current Status of Reporting 59 -- What Is Needed for Program Management 64 -- The CDSS-CWD Relationship and CDSS 65 --".
catalog tableOfContents "Child Care 342 -- Behavioral Health 343 -- A. Methods 347 -- B. Federal Welfare Funding after PRWORA 359 -- C. Process for Categorizing Counties for Analysis Using WTW 25 Data and County-by-County Analysis 365.".
catalog tableOfContents "County Transportation Strategies 246 -- Providing Service to Clients in Remote or Rural Areas 249 -- 9. Education and Training 251 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 252 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 254 -- Institutional Context 254 -- Funding Context 256 -- State Concerns 259 -- CDSS Collaboration with EDD 260 -- CDSS Collaboration with Educational Providers 260 -- County Concerns 261 -- Work-First Versus Human-Capital Approaches 262 -- Organization of Agencies at the Local Level 264 -- Duplication of Services 265 -- Coordination 266 -- Complicated Funding Streams and Reporting Requirements 267 -- Low Referral Rates 268 -- 10. Substance Abuse, Mental Illness, and Domestic Abuse Services 271 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 272 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 272 --".
catalog tableOfContents "Institutional Context 274 -- Funding Context 275 -- State Concerns 277 -- The Problem of Few Referrals and Lower Than Expected Utilization of Services 277 -- Leadership and Coordination Efforts 281 -- Monitoring Utilization of Services 283 -- Available Treatment Capacity 285 -- Concerns About Spending Allocated Funds 286 -- County Concerns 287 -- The Problem of Few Referrals and Lower Than Expected Utilization of Services 288 -- Variations in County Approaches to Identifying and Referring CalWORKs Participants 293 -- Coordination Between CWD Staff and Behavioral Health and Domestic Violence Services Providers 296 -- Quality of Care Issues 297 -- 11. Child Well-Being and Welfare 301 -- Policy and Legislative Context 302 -- Institutional Context 304 -- Funding Context 305 -- State Concerns 307 -- Coordination Between CDSS and CPS 307 -- Concern About Funding Sufficiency Using the Block Grant Approach".
catalog tableOfContents "The 18/24-Month Time Limit 168 -- Another Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Noncompliance and Sanction 172 -- Levels of Noncompliance 173 -- Reasons for Noncompliance 174 -- County Home Visit Programs 178 -- Legislative Provisions to Address Noncompliance 181 -- County Responses 181 -- Sanction Rates 185 -- Another Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Employment 188 -- The Need for PES Programs 189 -- The Goals of PES Programs 190 -- County PES Programs 192 -- 7. Child Care 197 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 197 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 198 -- Institutional Context 203 -- Funding Context 205 -- State-Level Issues 205 -- Interagency Cooperation in the Three-Stage System 205 -- Parental Choice 207 -- Equity 211 -- Child Care Quality 212 -- The Fair Labor Standards Act 214 -- County Concerns 214 --".
catalog tableOfContents "The Lack of Local-Level Planning 214 -- Definitions of Stability 215 -- Who Should Staff Child Care? 218 -- Providing Training for CWD Staff in Child Care Needs 219 -- Providing Training for Child Care Providers 220 -- Child Care Availability 221 -- Providing Training Enabling Participants to Become Licensed Providers 222 -- APP and Provider Issues with CalWORKs Clients 225 -- Payment to Providers 226 -- Coordination Between CWDs and APPs 227 -- Concerns About Fraud 228 -- Variation in County Spending on Child Care Services 229 -- Variations in How Counties Organized the Administration of Child Care Funds Across the Three Stages 231 -- 8. Transportation 237 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- Before PRWORA and CalWORKs 237 -- Policy and Legislative Context -- After PRWORA and CalWORKs 238 -- Institutional Context 239 -- Funding Context 240 -- State Implementation 240 -- Implementation 245 --".
catalog tableOfContents "The Strategy of Adding Staff 113 -- The Process of Adding Staff 113 -- The Process of Making Staffing Structure Changes 116 -- What Staffing Strategies Did the Counties Choose? 119 -- Labor Relations 125 -- Changing Program Philosophy and Outcomes-Based Management 127 -- 6. Delivering Calworks at the Street Level 133 -- The CalWORKs Process of Implementation 134 -- A Static View of the Status of Implementation 137 -- Initial Phase: Steps Through the Signing of a WTW Plan 141 -- Describing the Content of the Initial Phase 141 -- The Flow of Participants Through the Initial Phase 145 -- Processing the Existing Caseload 148 -- One Other Exit Route from the Initial Phase: Exemptions and SIPs 157 -- Pure Work-First 157 -- Modified Work-First 158 -- Diversion 161 -- Second Phase -- Welfare-to-Work Activities 161 -- Assessment and Development of a WTW Plan 162 -- WTW Activities 164 --".
catalog title "State and county implementation of CalWORKs in the second year".
catalog title "Welfare reform in California : state and county implementation of CalWORKs in the second year / Jacob Alex Klerman ... [et al.].".
catalog type "text".