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catalog contributor b13083479.
catalog coverage "Sun Research.".
catalog coverage "Sun.".
catalog created "c2004.".
catalog date "2004".
catalog date "c2004.".
catalog dateCopyrighted "c2004.".
catalog description "1 Development of the Ideas and Instruments of Modern Solar Research 1 -- 1.1 Early Telescopic Discoveries on the Sun 1 -- 1.2 The Spectroscope and Photography 5 -- 1.3 Solar-Terrestial Research and the New Astronomy 8 -- 1.4 Solar Chemical Composition and Energy Generation 14 -- 1.5 The Mt. Wilson Era of Large Telescopes 17 -- 1.6 Advances in Coronal Physics and in the Theory of Solar Activity 22 -- 1.7 Observations at Radio, Ultraviolet, and X-Ray Wavelengths 26 -- 1.8 The Solar Wind and Heliosphere 28 -- 1.9 Future Directions in Solar Instrumentation 30 -- 2 Radiative Transfer in the Sun's Atmosphere 36 -- 2.1 Photometric Principles 36 -- 2.1.1 The Radiative Intensity 36 -- 2.1.2 The Net Outward Flux and the Solar Constant 38 -- 2.2 The Radiative Transfer Equation 41 -- 2.2.1 The Optical Depth and Source Function 41 -- 2.2.2 Solution for Constant Source Function 43 -- 2.2.3".
catalog description "179 -- 6.4 The Standard Model of Physical Conditions in the Solar Interior 180 -- 6.5 Observational Tests of the Standard Model 183 -- 6.5.1 Solar Neutrino Observations 183 -- 6.5.2 Lithium and Beryllium Abundances 186 -- 6.5.3 Stellar Structure and Evolution 187 -- 6.5.4 Geological and Climatological Evidence 189 -- 6.5.5 The Sun's Angular Momentum and Shape 190 -- 6.5.6 Solar Oscillations 191 -- 7 Rotation, Convection, and Oscillations in the Sun 195 -- 7.1 Observations of Solar Rotation 196 -- 7.1.1 Photospheric Doppler Measurements 196 -- 7.1.2 Helioseismic Measurements of Rotation in the Solar Interior 198 -- 7.1.3 Tracer Measurements 199 -- 7.2 Measurements on Convection 201 -- 7.2.1 Observations of Convection at the Photosphere 201 -- 7.2.2 Comparison with Laboratory Measurements 202 -- 7.3 Dynamics of Solar Convection and Rotation 203 -- 7.3.1".
catalog description "A Survey of the Sun's Spectrum 65 -- 3.2 Atomic Structure 74 -- 3.3 Space Quantization and the Zeeman and Stark Effects 78 -- 3.3.1 The Zeeman Effect 79 -- 3.3.2 The Stark Effect 84 -- 3.4 Multiplet Rules for Transitions 86 -- 3.5 Atomic Transitions and their Excitation 88 -- 3.6 Rates for Radiative Transitions 90 -- 3.7 Boltzmann Equilibrium and the Saha Equation 91 -- 3.8 Rate Equations in Statistical Equilibrium 93 -- 3.9 Line Broadening 95 -- 3.9.1 Thermal and Turbulent Doppler Broadening 95 -- 3.9.2 Radiation Damping and Pressure Broadening 97 -- 3.9.3 Broadening by Self-Absorption 98 -- 3.9.4 Analysis of the Observed Profile of a Spectral Line 98 -- 3.10 Molecules on the Sun 100 -- 4 Dynamics of Solar Plasmas 103 -- 4.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 104 -- 4.1.1 Equilibrium in a Homogeneous Gravitational Field 104 -- 4.1.2 Self-Gravitating Atmospheres 105 -- 4.1.3".
catalog description "Birth and Evolution of Spot Groups 240 -- 8.1.3 Photometry and Spectra of Umbrae 241 -- 8.1.4 Mass Motions and Oscillations 244 -- 8.2 Dynamics of Spots 247 -- 8.2.1 Thermal Structure of the Umbra 247 -- 8.2.2 Why Spots Are Cool 249 -- 8.2.3 Why Spots Cause Dips in the Solar Luminosity 251 -- 8.2.4 Dynamics of Sunspot Evolution 252 -- 8.3 Faculae 254 -- 8.3.1 Structure and Evolution 254 -- 8.3.2 Physical Measurements 254 -- 8.3.3 Why Faculae Are Bright 259 -- 8.4 Observations of Solar Magnetism 261 -- 8.4.1 The Sunspot Magnetic Field 261 -- 8.4.2 Photospheric Fields in Faculae and Magnetic Network 263 -- 8.4.3 Large-Scale Structure and Evolution of the Photospheric Field 266 -- 8.4.4 Global Structure of the Sun's Magnetic Field 272 -- 9 The Chromosphere and Corona 277 -- 9.1 The Chromosphere 278 -- 9.1.1 Observations of Structures and Motions at the Limb 278 -- 9.1.2".
catalog description "Condition for Onset of Convection 203 -- 7.3.2 Gravity Waves 205 -- 7.3.3 Mixing Length Theory 206 -- 7.3.4 Dynamics of Convection in a Plane Layer 208 -- 7.3.5 Models of Granulation 209 -- 7.3.6 Dynamics of Supergranulation 212 -- 7.3.7 Dynamics of the Solar Interior 212 -- 7.4 Observations of Solar Oscillations 215 -- 7.4.1 The 5-min Oscillations 215 -- 7.4.2 Oscillations of Longer and Shorter Periods 219 -- 7.5 Interpretation of Solar Oscillations 220 -- 7.5.1 Resonances in the Sun 220 -- 7.5.2 Oscillation Modes of the Solar Interior 223 -- 7.5.3 Excitation and Damping Mechanisms 225 -- 7.5.4 Comparison of the Observed and Calculated Properties of the p-Modes 226 -- 7.5.5 Oscillations as a Probe of the Solar Interior 228 -- 8 Observations of Photospheric Activity and Magnetism 233 -- 8.1 Sunspot Observations 234 -- 8.1.1 Structure of the Umbra and Penumbra 234 -- 8.1.2".
catalog description "Dynamics of Solar Magnetic Flux Tubes 351 -- 11.1.1 Dynamical Equilibrium and Geometry 351 -- 11.1.2 Dynamical Stability 355 -- 11.1.3 Thermal Instability 357 -- 11.1.4 Steady Flows 358 -- 11.1.5 Oscillations and Waves 360 -- 11.1.6 Magnetic Field Dissipation 363 -- 11.2 Activity Behavior over the Solar Cycle 365 -- 11.2.1 The Sunspot Number and Other Activity Indices 365 -- 11.2.2 Time Behavior of the Sun's Magnetic Field 367 -- 11.1.3 Long-Term Behavior of Solar Activity 371 -- 11.3 Dynamics of the Solar Magnetic Cycle 376 -- 11.3.1 The Babcock Model of the Solar Cycle 376 -- 11.3.2 Dynamical Dynamo Models 379 -- 12 The Solar Wind and Heliosphere 387.".
catalog description "Includes bibliographical references and index.".
catalog description "Observations on the Disk 281 -- 9.1.3 Physical Conditions 288 -- 9.1.4 Energy Balance 293 -- 9.1.5 Chromospheric Heating 293 -- 9.1.6 Dynamics of Spicules and Fibrils 295 -- 9.2 The Corona and Transition Region 297 -- 9.2.1 Spectrum and Radiation Mechanisms 297 -- 9.2.2 Structures of the Corona and Transition Region 298 -- 9.2.3 Magnetic Fields and Plasma Motions 303 -- 9.2.4 Physical Conditions in Closed and Open Magnetic Structures 306 -- 9.2.5 Heating and Dynamics of Coronal Loops and Holes 311 -- 10 Prominences and Flares 319 -- 10.1 Prominences and Filaments 320 -- 10.1.1 Observations and Physical Conditions 320 -- 10.1.2 Dynamics 324 -- 10.2 Flares 331 -- 10.2.1 Observations and Physical Conditions 331 -- 10.2.2 Energy Release and Dynamics 344 -- 10.2.3 Acceleration of Energetic Charged Particles 348 -- 11 Dynamics of the Solar Magnetic Field 351 -- 11.1".
catalog description "Solution for a Linear Source Function: The Eddington-Barbier Relation 44 -- 2.3 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 47 -- 2.3.1 The Planck Function 47 -- 2.3.2 Kirchhoff's Law 48 -- 2.3.3 Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) 49 -- 2.3.4 The Brightness- and Effective Temperatures 50 -- 2.4 The Gray Atmosphere 50 -- 2.4.1 Formulation of the Problem 50 -- 2.4.2 Gray Limb Darkening in the Eddington Approximation 52 -- 2.4.3 The Photospheric Level Identified with Radiation at T[subscript eff] 53 -- 2.4.4 Radiative Diffusion 54 -- 2.5 Radiative Transfer in the Fraumhofer Lines 55 -- 2.5.1 Formation of Fraunhofer Lines 55 -- 2.5.2 The Transfer Equation for Lines 56 -- 2.5.3 The Milne-Eddington Model 57 -- 2.5.4 Comparison with Observations of Line Depth near Disk Center 58 -- 2.5.5 Comparison with Observed Center-to-Limb Behavior 60 -- 3 Solar Spectroscopy 65 -- 3.1".
catalog description "The Photospheric Chemical Composition and the Curve of Growth 156 -- 5.5.1 The Theoretical Curve of Growth 157 -- 5.5.2 Comparison with the Empirical Curve 160 -- 5.6 The Sun's Chemical Composition 162 -- 6 The Sun's Internal Structure and Energy Generation 167 -- 6.1 Equations of Stellar Structure 168 -- 6.1.1 Mechanical Equilibrium 168 -- 6.1.2 Energy Transport 169 -- 6.1.3 Boundary Conditions 170 -- 6.2 Physical Parameters Required for the Solution 171 -- 6.2.1 Chemical Composition 171 -- 6.2.2 The Mean Molecular Weight 172 -- 6.2.3 The Ratio of Specific Heats 172 -- 6.2.4 The Radiative Opacity 173 -- 6.2.5 Energy Generation Processes 174 -- 6.3 Nuclear Reactions in the Sun's Interior 174 -- 6.3.1 Factors That Determine the Dominant Reactions 174 -- 6.3.2 The Proton-Proton Chain 175 -- 6.3.3 The Carbon-Nitrogen Cycle 177 -- 6.3.4 Nuclear Energy Generation Rates".
catalog description "The Polytropic Approximation 105 -- 4.2 The Equations of Motion 107 -- 4.2.1 Euler's Equation 107 -- 4.2.2 Viscous Forces and the Navier-Stokes Equation 108 -- 4.2.3 The Equation of Continuity 110 -- 4.2.4 The Heat-Balance Equation 111 -- 4.2.5 Conservation of Total Energy 114 -- 4.3 The Influence of Magnetic Fields in Solar Plasma Dynamics 115 -- 4.3.1 The Lorentz Force 115 -- 4.3.2 The Importance of Self-induction 116 -- 4.3.3 The Diffusive and "Frozen-in" Approximations 117 -- 4.4 Wave Motions in the Sun 119 -- 4.4.1 Types of Waves Expected and Observed 119 -- 4.4.2 Sound Waves 119 -- 4.4.3 Simple Waves and Shock Formation 120 -- 4.4.4 Properties of Shock Waves 121 -- 4.4.5 Magnetohydrodynamic Waves 123 -- 4.4.6 Internal Gravity Waves 125 -- 4.4.7 Plasma Oscillations 125 -- 4.5 Charged Particle Dynamics 126 -- 4.5.1".
catalog description "Validity of the Continuum Approximation and of Thermal Equilibrium 126 -- 4.5.2 Charged Particle Motions 127 -- 5 The Photosphere 133 -- 5.1 Observations of the Quiet Photosphere 135 -- 5.1.1 Limb Darkening 135 -- 5.1.2 Observed Properties of Granulation 138 -- 5.1.3 The Supergranulation and Photospheric Network 143 -- 5.2 Construction of a Photospheric Model 146 -- 5.2.1 Physical Assumptions 146 -- 5.2.2 Determination of the Temperature Profile from Continuum Limb Darkening 147 -- 5.3 Determination of the Photospheric Opacity 148 -- 5.3.1 The Empirical Technique 148 -- 5.3.2 The Sources of Photospheric Opacity 149 -- 5.4 Physical Structure and Energy Balance of the Photosphere 150 -- 5.4.1 Models of Photospheric Structure 150 -- 5.4.2 Comparison with Observations 153 -- 5.4.3 Energy Transport Mechanisms in the Photosphere 155 -- 5.5".
catalog extent "xiv, 466 p. :".
catalog identifier "3527403744 (hd. bd.)".
catalog issued "2004".
catalog issued "c2004.".
catalog language "eng".
catalog publisher "Weinheim : Wiley-VCH,".
catalog spatial "Sun Research.".
catalog spatial "Sun.".
catalog subject "Astrophysics.".
catalog subject "QB521 .F68 2004".
catalog tableOfContents "1 Development of the Ideas and Instruments of Modern Solar Research 1 -- 1.1 Early Telescopic Discoveries on the Sun 1 -- 1.2 The Spectroscope and Photography 5 -- 1.3 Solar-Terrestial Research and the New Astronomy 8 -- 1.4 Solar Chemical Composition and Energy Generation 14 -- 1.5 The Mt. Wilson Era of Large Telescopes 17 -- 1.6 Advances in Coronal Physics and in the Theory of Solar Activity 22 -- 1.7 Observations at Radio, Ultraviolet, and X-Ray Wavelengths 26 -- 1.8 The Solar Wind and Heliosphere 28 -- 1.9 Future Directions in Solar Instrumentation 30 -- 2 Radiative Transfer in the Sun's Atmosphere 36 -- 2.1 Photometric Principles 36 -- 2.1.1 The Radiative Intensity 36 -- 2.1.2 The Net Outward Flux and the Solar Constant 38 -- 2.2 The Radiative Transfer Equation 41 -- 2.2.1 The Optical Depth and Source Function 41 -- 2.2.2 Solution for Constant Source Function 43 -- 2.2.3".
catalog tableOfContents "179 -- 6.4 The Standard Model of Physical Conditions in the Solar Interior 180 -- 6.5 Observational Tests of the Standard Model 183 -- 6.5.1 Solar Neutrino Observations 183 -- 6.5.2 Lithium and Beryllium Abundances 186 -- 6.5.3 Stellar Structure and Evolution 187 -- 6.5.4 Geological and Climatological Evidence 189 -- 6.5.5 The Sun's Angular Momentum and Shape 190 -- 6.5.6 Solar Oscillations 191 -- 7 Rotation, Convection, and Oscillations in the Sun 195 -- 7.1 Observations of Solar Rotation 196 -- 7.1.1 Photospheric Doppler Measurements 196 -- 7.1.2 Helioseismic Measurements of Rotation in the Solar Interior 198 -- 7.1.3 Tracer Measurements 199 -- 7.2 Measurements on Convection 201 -- 7.2.1 Observations of Convection at the Photosphere 201 -- 7.2.2 Comparison with Laboratory Measurements 202 -- 7.3 Dynamics of Solar Convection and Rotation 203 -- 7.3.1".
catalog tableOfContents "A Survey of the Sun's Spectrum 65 -- 3.2 Atomic Structure 74 -- 3.3 Space Quantization and the Zeeman and Stark Effects 78 -- 3.3.1 The Zeeman Effect 79 -- 3.3.2 The Stark Effect 84 -- 3.4 Multiplet Rules for Transitions 86 -- 3.5 Atomic Transitions and their Excitation 88 -- 3.6 Rates for Radiative Transitions 90 -- 3.7 Boltzmann Equilibrium and the Saha Equation 91 -- 3.8 Rate Equations in Statistical Equilibrium 93 -- 3.9 Line Broadening 95 -- 3.9.1 Thermal and Turbulent Doppler Broadening 95 -- 3.9.2 Radiation Damping and Pressure Broadening 97 -- 3.9.3 Broadening by Self-Absorption 98 -- 3.9.4 Analysis of the Observed Profile of a Spectral Line 98 -- 3.10 Molecules on the Sun 100 -- 4 Dynamics of Solar Plasmas 103 -- 4.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 104 -- 4.1.1 Equilibrium in a Homogeneous Gravitational Field 104 -- 4.1.2 Self-Gravitating Atmospheres 105 -- 4.1.3".
catalog tableOfContents "Birth and Evolution of Spot Groups 240 -- 8.1.3 Photometry and Spectra of Umbrae 241 -- 8.1.4 Mass Motions and Oscillations 244 -- 8.2 Dynamics of Spots 247 -- 8.2.1 Thermal Structure of the Umbra 247 -- 8.2.2 Why Spots Are Cool 249 -- 8.2.3 Why Spots Cause Dips in the Solar Luminosity 251 -- 8.2.4 Dynamics of Sunspot Evolution 252 -- 8.3 Faculae 254 -- 8.3.1 Structure and Evolution 254 -- 8.3.2 Physical Measurements 254 -- 8.3.3 Why Faculae Are Bright 259 -- 8.4 Observations of Solar Magnetism 261 -- 8.4.1 The Sunspot Magnetic Field 261 -- 8.4.2 Photospheric Fields in Faculae and Magnetic Network 263 -- 8.4.3 Large-Scale Structure and Evolution of the Photospheric Field 266 -- 8.4.4 Global Structure of the Sun's Magnetic Field 272 -- 9 The Chromosphere and Corona 277 -- 9.1 The Chromosphere 278 -- 9.1.1 Observations of Structures and Motions at the Limb 278 -- 9.1.2".
catalog tableOfContents "Condition for Onset of Convection 203 -- 7.3.2 Gravity Waves 205 -- 7.3.3 Mixing Length Theory 206 -- 7.3.4 Dynamics of Convection in a Plane Layer 208 -- 7.3.5 Models of Granulation 209 -- 7.3.6 Dynamics of Supergranulation 212 -- 7.3.7 Dynamics of the Solar Interior 212 -- 7.4 Observations of Solar Oscillations 215 -- 7.4.1 The 5-min Oscillations 215 -- 7.4.2 Oscillations of Longer and Shorter Periods 219 -- 7.5 Interpretation of Solar Oscillations 220 -- 7.5.1 Resonances in the Sun 220 -- 7.5.2 Oscillation Modes of the Solar Interior 223 -- 7.5.3 Excitation and Damping Mechanisms 225 -- 7.5.4 Comparison of the Observed and Calculated Properties of the p-Modes 226 -- 7.5.5 Oscillations as a Probe of the Solar Interior 228 -- 8 Observations of Photospheric Activity and Magnetism 233 -- 8.1 Sunspot Observations 234 -- 8.1.1 Structure of the Umbra and Penumbra 234 -- 8.1.2".
catalog tableOfContents "Dynamics of Solar Magnetic Flux Tubes 351 -- 11.1.1 Dynamical Equilibrium and Geometry 351 -- 11.1.2 Dynamical Stability 355 -- 11.1.3 Thermal Instability 357 -- 11.1.4 Steady Flows 358 -- 11.1.5 Oscillations and Waves 360 -- 11.1.6 Magnetic Field Dissipation 363 -- 11.2 Activity Behavior over the Solar Cycle 365 -- 11.2.1 The Sunspot Number and Other Activity Indices 365 -- 11.2.2 Time Behavior of the Sun's Magnetic Field 367 -- 11.1.3 Long-Term Behavior of Solar Activity 371 -- 11.3 Dynamics of the Solar Magnetic Cycle 376 -- 11.3.1 The Babcock Model of the Solar Cycle 376 -- 11.3.2 Dynamical Dynamo Models 379 -- 12 The Solar Wind and Heliosphere 387.".
catalog tableOfContents "Observations on the Disk 281 -- 9.1.3 Physical Conditions 288 -- 9.1.4 Energy Balance 293 -- 9.1.5 Chromospheric Heating 293 -- 9.1.6 Dynamics of Spicules and Fibrils 295 -- 9.2 The Corona and Transition Region 297 -- 9.2.1 Spectrum and Radiation Mechanisms 297 -- 9.2.2 Structures of the Corona and Transition Region 298 -- 9.2.3 Magnetic Fields and Plasma Motions 303 -- 9.2.4 Physical Conditions in Closed and Open Magnetic Structures 306 -- 9.2.5 Heating and Dynamics of Coronal Loops and Holes 311 -- 10 Prominences and Flares 319 -- 10.1 Prominences and Filaments 320 -- 10.1.1 Observations and Physical Conditions 320 -- 10.1.2 Dynamics 324 -- 10.2 Flares 331 -- 10.2.1 Observations and Physical Conditions 331 -- 10.2.2 Energy Release and Dynamics 344 -- 10.2.3 Acceleration of Energetic Charged Particles 348 -- 11 Dynamics of the Solar Magnetic Field 351 -- 11.1".
catalog tableOfContents "Solution for a Linear Source Function: The Eddington-Barbier Relation 44 -- 2.3 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 47 -- 2.3.1 The Planck Function 47 -- 2.3.2 Kirchhoff's Law 48 -- 2.3.3 Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) 49 -- 2.3.4 The Brightness- and Effective Temperatures 50 -- 2.4 The Gray Atmosphere 50 -- 2.4.1 Formulation of the Problem 50 -- 2.4.2 Gray Limb Darkening in the Eddington Approximation 52 -- 2.4.3 The Photospheric Level Identified with Radiation at T[subscript eff] 53 -- 2.4.4 Radiative Diffusion 54 -- 2.5 Radiative Transfer in the Fraumhofer Lines 55 -- 2.5.1 Formation of Fraunhofer Lines 55 -- 2.5.2 The Transfer Equation for Lines 56 -- 2.5.3 The Milne-Eddington Model 57 -- 2.5.4 Comparison with Observations of Line Depth near Disk Center 58 -- 2.5.5 Comparison with Observed Center-to-Limb Behavior 60 -- 3 Solar Spectroscopy 65 -- 3.1".
catalog tableOfContents "The Photospheric Chemical Composition and the Curve of Growth 156 -- 5.5.1 The Theoretical Curve of Growth 157 -- 5.5.2 Comparison with the Empirical Curve 160 -- 5.6 The Sun's Chemical Composition 162 -- 6 The Sun's Internal Structure and Energy Generation 167 -- 6.1 Equations of Stellar Structure 168 -- 6.1.1 Mechanical Equilibrium 168 -- 6.1.2 Energy Transport 169 -- 6.1.3 Boundary Conditions 170 -- 6.2 Physical Parameters Required for the Solution 171 -- 6.2.1 Chemical Composition 171 -- 6.2.2 The Mean Molecular Weight 172 -- 6.2.3 The Ratio of Specific Heats 172 -- 6.2.4 The Radiative Opacity 173 -- 6.2.5 Energy Generation Processes 174 -- 6.3 Nuclear Reactions in the Sun's Interior 174 -- 6.3.1 Factors That Determine the Dominant Reactions 174 -- 6.3.2 The Proton-Proton Chain 175 -- 6.3.3 The Carbon-Nitrogen Cycle 177 -- 6.3.4 Nuclear Energy Generation Rates".
catalog tableOfContents "The Polytropic Approximation 105 -- 4.2 The Equations of Motion 107 -- 4.2.1 Euler's Equation 107 -- 4.2.2 Viscous Forces and the Navier-Stokes Equation 108 -- 4.2.3 The Equation of Continuity 110 -- 4.2.4 The Heat-Balance Equation 111 -- 4.2.5 Conservation of Total Energy 114 -- 4.3 The Influence of Magnetic Fields in Solar Plasma Dynamics 115 -- 4.3.1 The Lorentz Force 115 -- 4.3.2 The Importance of Self-induction 116 -- 4.3.3 The Diffusive and "Frozen-in" Approximations 117 -- 4.4 Wave Motions in the Sun 119 -- 4.4.1 Types of Waves Expected and Observed 119 -- 4.4.2 Sound Waves 119 -- 4.4.3 Simple Waves and Shock Formation 120 -- 4.4.4 Properties of Shock Waves 121 -- 4.4.5 Magnetohydrodynamic Waves 123 -- 4.4.6 Internal Gravity Waves 125 -- 4.4.7 Plasma Oscillations 125 -- 4.5 Charged Particle Dynamics 126 -- 4.5.1".
catalog tableOfContents "Validity of the Continuum Approximation and of Thermal Equilibrium 126 -- 4.5.2 Charged Particle Motions 127 -- 5 The Photosphere 133 -- 5.1 Observations of the Quiet Photosphere 135 -- 5.1.1 Limb Darkening 135 -- 5.1.2 Observed Properties of Granulation 138 -- 5.1.3 The Supergranulation and Photospheric Network 143 -- 5.2 Construction of a Photospheric Model 146 -- 5.2.1 Physical Assumptions 146 -- 5.2.2 Determination of the Temperature Profile from Continuum Limb Darkening 147 -- 5.3 Determination of the Photospheric Opacity 148 -- 5.3.1 The Empirical Technique 148 -- 5.3.2 The Sources of Photospheric Opacity 149 -- 5.4 Physical Structure and Energy Balance of the Photosphere 150 -- 5.4.1 Models of Photospheric Structure 150 -- 5.4.2 Comparison with Observations 153 -- 5.4.3 Energy Transport Mechanisms in the Photosphere 155 -- 5.5".
catalog title "Solar astrophysics / Peter V. Foukal.".
catalog type "text".