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• catalog abstract ""Although originally designed as instruments to gauge students' progress, tests eventually were used to modify curricula, learning materials, pedagogy, and many practical features of schooling. Tests were employed to shape attitudes toward national issues such as employment, immigration, and defense. Worried about the enormous consequences that were at stake, advocates and opponents pitched their cases to educators, parents, journalists, and policymakers and also targeted special audiences. Testing proponents pleaded with military leaders, businesspeople, and scholastic publishers while their adversaries appealed to job seekers, college applicants, racial minorities, and anti-establishmentarians. This book illustrates how all of these parties showed interest; many became passionate; and some decisively influenced the course of American educational testing."--Jacket.".
• catalog contributor b13155254.
• catalog created "c2005.".
• catalog date "2005".
• catalog date "c2005.".
• catalog dateCopyrighted "c2005.".
• catalog description ""Although originally designed as instruments to gauge students' progress, tests eventually were used to modify curricula, learning materials, pedagogy, and many practical features of schooling. Tests were employed to shape attitudes toward national issues such as employment, immigration, and defense. Worried about the enormous consequences that were at stake, advocates and opponents pitched their cases to educators, parents, journalists, and policymakers and also targeted special audiences. Testing proponents pleaded with military leaders, businesspeople, and scholastic publishers while their adversaries appealed to job seekers, college applicants, racial minorities, and anti-establishmentarians.".
• catalog description "1. Scientists nurture testing -- Science influences behavioral studies -- Formats for intelligence test -- Additional pretexts for assessing intelligence -- Assessing comprehension -- Assessing associational ability -- Assessing creativity -- Assessing the ability to make judgments -- Assessing the ability to define -- Assessing decoding proficiency -- Weaknesses of mental tests -- Accelerated attacks on mental tests -- Response to criticism -- Transition to education -- Summary -- 2. Educators adapt to standardized tests -- Subjectively graded exams -- Pioneers of objective educational tests -- Academic tests proliferate -- Reading tests -- History tests -- Other specialized academic tests -- Specialized university exams -- Criticism of educational testing -- Responding to criticism -- Summary.".
• catalog description "3. Military backing for tests -- Tests reveal a national crisis -- History of military tests -- The Alpha test -- The Beta test -- Other military tests -- Curtailing military testing -- Objections to military tests -- Implications for education -- Universities use military tests -- Summary -- 4. Entrepreneurs create an industry -- Expanding markets -- Bibliographies of tests -- Expense and income -- Profits from early tests -- Vocational tests -- Testing for general vocational aptitude -- Testing for specialized vocational aptitude -- Objections to vocational tests -- Summary -- 5. Early twentieth-century politicians embrace testing -- Politicizing assessment of students -- Conflict between political conservatives and liberals -- Politicizing assessment of teachers -- Product-based assessment -- Content-based assessment -- Rating scales -- Progressive educators defy objective tests -- Progressive educators propose alternatives -- Progressive educators assess teachers -- Summary.".
• catalog description "6. Charges of racism -- Early allegations of test-based racism -- Opposition from civil rights advocates -- Testing advocates rejoin -- Summary -- 7. Continuing criticism -- Allegations of test abuse -- Public disclosure legislation -- Spewing Vitriol at the educational testing service -- Vocational testing -- Testing prevails -- Summary -- 8. Conservatives reap the harvest -- Liberal politicians during the 1960s -- Liberal scholars during the 1960s -- Staunch support from conservatives -- Report of a nation in jeopardy -- Continuing to emphasize assessment of teachers -- Resistance from post-1960s liberals -- Summary -- Postscript. Unrelenting growth of the testing industry.".
• catalog description "Includes bibliographical references (p. [237]-274) and indexes.".
• catalog description "This book illustrates how all of these parties showed interest; many became passionate; and some decisively influenced the course of American educational testing."--Jacket.".
• catalog extent "xvii, 288 p. :".
• catalog hasFormat "How testing came to dominate American schools.".
• catalog identifier "0820472557 (pbk. : alk. paper)".
• catalog isFormatOf "How testing came to dominate American schools.".
• catalog issued "2005".
• catalog issued "c2005.".
• catalog language "eng".
• catalog publisher "New York : P. Lang,".
• catalog relation "How testing came to dominate American schools.".
• catalog spatial "United States".
• catalog subject "371.26/2/0973 22".
• catalog subject "Education United States History.".
• catalog subject "Educational tests and measurements United States History.".
• catalog subject "LB3051 .G516 2005".
• catalog subject "National teacher examinations United States History.".
• catalog tableOfContents "1. Scientists nurture testing -- Science influences behavioral studies -- Formats for intelligence test -- Additional pretexts for assessing intelligence -- Assessing comprehension -- Assessing associational ability -- Assessing creativity -- Assessing the ability to make judgments -- Assessing the ability to define -- Assessing decoding proficiency -- Weaknesses of mental tests -- Accelerated attacks on mental tests -- Response to criticism -- Transition to education -- Summary -- 2. Educators adapt to standardized tests -- Subjectively graded exams -- Pioneers of objective educational tests -- Academic tests proliferate -- Reading tests -- History tests -- Other specialized academic tests -- Specialized university exams -- Criticism of educational testing -- Responding to criticism -- Summary.".
• catalog tableOfContents "3. Military backing for tests -- Tests reveal a national crisis -- History of military tests -- The Alpha test -- The Beta test -- Other military tests -- Curtailing military testing -- Objections to military tests -- Implications for education -- Universities use military tests -- Summary -- 4. Entrepreneurs create an industry -- Expanding markets -- Bibliographies of tests -- Expense and income -- Profits from early tests -- Vocational tests -- Testing for general vocational aptitude -- Testing for specialized vocational aptitude -- Objections to vocational tests -- Summary -- 5. Early twentieth-century politicians embrace testing -- Politicizing assessment of students -- Conflict between political conservatives and liberals -- Politicizing assessment of teachers -- Product-based assessment -- Content-based assessment -- Rating scales -- Progressive educators defy objective tests -- Progressive educators propose alternatives -- Progressive educators assess teachers -- Summary.".
• catalog tableOfContents "6. Charges of racism -- Early allegations of test-based racism -- Opposition from civil rights advocates -- Testing advocates rejoin -- Summary -- 7. Continuing criticism -- Allegations of test abuse -- Public disclosure legislation -- Spewing Vitriol at the educational testing service -- Vocational testing -- Testing prevails -- Summary -- 8. Conservatives reap the harvest -- Liberal politicians during the 1960s -- Liberal scholars during the 1960s -- Staunch support from conservatives -- Report of a nation in jeopardy -- Continuing to emphasize assessment of teachers -- Resistance from post-1960s liberals -- Summary -- Postscript. Unrelenting growth of the testing industry.".
• catalog title "How testing came to dominate American schools : the history of educational assessment / Gerard Giordano.".
• catalog type "History. fast".
• catalog type "text".