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Matches in Ghent University Academic Bibliography for { ?s <http://schema.org/abstract> ?o. }

• 01GJAQ6JJCEB327PMSARYSVJ3Q abstract "The Minoan Palace at Malia reflects two main architectural phases, Proto- and Neopalatial. A first, Protopalatial building was erected at the onset of the 2nd mill. BCE (ca. 1900-1700 BCE), and after a conflagration perhaps triggered by an earthquake around 1700 BCE, the Neopalatial complex was built (ca. 1700-1450 BCE). The ruin now visible is an intricate palimpsest of both periods. This is largely because the Neopalatial builders saved both time and energy by reusing previous architectural materials or spolia. But the incorporation of Protopalatial remains into the new complex also reflects the desire to promote continuity within the long-standing monument. The limestone façade wall facing the North-West Court of the Palace is especially significant in this regard. Constructed with large boulders of grey blue limestone, it contrasts sharply with the yellowish background of cut sandstone walls erected during the Neopalatial period. This striking difference in masonry did not escape the excavators of the Palace: the sturdy look of the wall in comparison with the elaborate ashlar masonry prompted the name of ‘Dungeon’ for the rooms it defined, and it was suggested that it belonged to the first, Protopalatial complex. A new architectural study of the Palace is now able to show that, even though the excavators were not entirely wrong, the story of the ‘Dungeon’ is significantly more complex and challenging than initially surmised. In this paper, I argue that the façade of the ‘Dungeon’ was erected during the Neopalatial period by reusing materials from the West façade of the Protopalatial Palace. I also argue that the new wall was constructed in masonry of grey blue boulders which specifically imitated the Protopalatial West façade in order to serve as a mnemonic device. The sharp contrast created by the ‘Dungeon’ with its built environment is seen as a deliberate attempt to highlight its architectural legacy within the Neopalatial complex and to boost the visual impact it made on the visitors to the Palace crossing the North-West Court in order to reach the elaborate Quartier d’apparat. New architectural data in the Palace at Malia thus underline the fact that, despite the thorough reconstruction of the building after the 1700 BCE destruction, special care was taken in promoting its continuity through the erection within the Neopalatial complex of walls that referenced its Protopalatial grandeur.".
• 01GJAW1BKH2XHP4NCQNY73CBQ0 abstract "In addition to the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, a distinct β-glucosidase that is also active towards glucosylceramide could be demonstrated in various human tissues and cell types. Subcellular fractionation analysis revealed that the hitherto undescribed glucocerebrosidase is not located in lysosomes but in compartments with a considerably lower density. The non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase differed in several respects from lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. The non-lysosomal isoenzyme proved to be tightly membrane-bound, whereas lysosomal glucocerebrosidase is weakly membrane-associated. The pH optimum of the non-lysosomal isoenzyme is less acidic than that of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, in contrast to the lysosomal isoenzyme, was not inhibited by low concentrations of conduritol B-epoxide, was markedly inhibited by taurocholate, was not stimulated in activity by the lysosomal activator protein saposin C, and was not deficient in patients with Gaucher disease. Non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase proved to be less sensitive to inhibition by castanospermine or deoxynojirimycin but more sensitive to inhibition by D-gluconolactone than the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. The physiological function of this second, non-lysosomal, glucocerebrosidase is as yet unknown.".
• 01GJAWM788K00Z5FFJN6YB34VH abstract "Two components of the protein biosynthetic machinery, valyl-transfer RNA synthetase (VRS) and elongation factor 1 (EF-1), have been isolated as a complex from several mammalian tissues. However, yeast VRS, which lacks an amino-terminal extension, does not associate with EF-1. We purified VRS from the brine shrimp Artemia and investigated its interaction with EF-1. Western blotting of crude Artemia extracts revealed the presence of two forms of VRS, differing in size and capacity to associate with EF-1. About 80% of the total VRS corresponds to a polypeptide of 130 kDa which behaves as a monomer upon gel filtration. Only the larger form of 140 kDa coelutes, cosediments and co-immunoprecipitates with the EF-1 alpha(2) beta gamma delta complex. The ratio of the two forms of VRS remains constant throughout early development. The possible origin and mode of expression of the two forms of VRS present in Artemia are discussed.".
• 01GJAXGWEXX2G4TPB1AKB720BQ abstract "The eukaryotic elongation factor-1 (EF-1) consists of four subunits, EF-1 alpha, EF-1 beta, EF-1 gamma and EF-1 delta which induce efficient transfer of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome, In this process EF-1 alpha . GTP acts as the carrier of the aminoacyl-tRNA on its way to the ribosome, After release of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome under concomitant hydrolysis of GTP, the inactive EF-1 alpha . GDP form is recycled to EF-1 alpha . GTP by EF-1 beta gamma delta, In eukaryotic cells the concentration of EF-1 alpha exceeds that of the complex beta gamma delta by a factor of 5-10. In order to delineate the intracellular localization of the different subunits of EF-1, antibodies against the EF-1 subunits have been elicited and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy experiments were performed. In human fibroblasts, the guanine nucleotide exchange part of EF-1, EF-1 beta gamma delta, was found to co-localize with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), displaying a distinct fine-structure in its staining pattern, The guanine nucleotide-binding subunit of EF-1, EF-1 alpha, shows a more diffuse distribution throughout the cytoplasm and is, in addition, associated with the nucleus.".
• 01GJB4QGGJ2QHEZ4PPNFJ6ZXMX abstract "In quiescent embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia, the level of aminoacylation of transfer RNAs is low, During resumption of development the charging level of transfer RNAs increases, concomitant with the activation of protein synthesis. The total level of charging rises dramatically from an average of 4% to 50% within a period of 24 h of development. The restriction of in vitro translation of the quiescent embryo extract can be partially released by the addition of charged aminoacyl-tRNA, which apparently starts the flow of ribosomes into polyribosome structures, Complete reactivation of translation by aminoacyl-tRNA occurs when mRNA from preformed mRNA-ribosome complexes, like the polyribosomes extracted from developing embryos or poly(U)-programmed ribosomes, are offered to quiescent embryo extracts, With respect to the mechanism of in vivo recharging of tRNAs, are observed that the level of several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases increase during development. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase rises more than 10-fold. In the case of valyl-tRNA synthetase, the activation is lower and shown to be due to the de novo synthesis of its mRNA and the corresponding protein product as well, We conclude that protein synthesis and thereby the gradual animation of cryptobiotic Artemia embryos is determined to a large extent by the rate by which aminoacyl-tRNAs are replenished during development at both the initiation and elongation level.".
• 01GJB58DMNCPA5PBK0PSZ3TRAB abstract "Upon resumption of development of quiescent embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia the charging level of individual transfer RNAs increased in vivo, concomitant with the onset of protein synthesis. After one hour of development at 27 degrees C, partial charging of most transfer RNAs was observed using quiescent embryos previously hydrated in the cold. The total level of transfer RNA charging rose dramatically from an average of 4% to 50% within the 24 hours of development before hatching. Concerning the mechanism of recharging of transfer RNAs, we observed that the level of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase increased during development. For instance, methionyl-tRNA synthetase rose no less than ten-fold. In the case of valyl-tRNA synthetase the increase was lower and correlated to the amount of its mRNA. Therefore, synthetases and their transcription are considered to be crucial parameters for the gradual animation of cryptobiotic Artemia embryos and deacylated tRNAs as the "hunger" signal which controls gene transcription.".
• 01GJCFVV5RAW873HCCS0YXSXRM abstract "Purpose: To investigate factors affecting the co-creation and implementation of care pathways for patients treated with oral anticancer drugs. Methods: An explorative qualitative process evaluation was performed at four Belgian hospitals, co-creating and implementing a care pathway for patients on oral anticancer drugs. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were performed by a) local coordinators leading an interprofessional project team during the co-creation and implementation stage, b) external implementation coaches, and c) teams of healthcare professionals with a role in the care pathway. In total, 47 stakeholders were interviewed. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results: We found four factors affecting co-creation and implementation of care pathways for patients on oral anticancer drugs. Developing an adequate supporting context using motivated interprofessional project teams of clinical and management staff led by competent coordinators is one important facilitator. Leadership of local coordinators and oncologists is crucial for progressing the co-creation. Other factors included the complexity of the oral anticancer drug intervention, the interprofessional character of the care pathway, and involving primary care. External coaching during co-creation proved an important facilitator. Conclusions: Prior investigation of willingness and motivation to change in clinical and management staff, competent coordinators, and leadership of oncologists are needed. In addition, external support determines the success of co-creating and implementing care pathways for patients on oral anticancer drugs.".
• 01GJCHFB3RPMDQGP1TK57T9BMY abstract "Dit opiniestuk is gebaseerd op een mixed-method multicentrische studie binnen de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (GGZ) uitgevoerd tijdens de eerste en de tweede golf van de Covid-19-pandemie. Het beoogt inzicht te krijgen in hoe hulpverleners (voornamelijk verpleegkundigen), patiënten en steunfiguren in de GGZ de pandemie beleefden en zich instelden op deze nieuwe realiteit. 126 semigestructureerde interviews werden afgenomen. De Covid-19-pandemie zorgde voor een reallocatie van middelen, mensen en taken binnen de GGZ. De veranderende maatschappelijke context ten gevolge van de crisis versterkte bij de participanten de gevoelens van angst, onzekerheid en waakzaamheid. Doordat de focus meer lag op fysieke gezondheid met extra administratie en controletaken, voelden veel zorgverleners zich vervreemd van hun kernopdrachten. Verder was hun mentale ruimte ingeperkt en konden ze niet terugvallen op hun gebruikelijke copingstrategieën. Ook het contact met steunfiguren werd verwaarloosd, mede doordat de contactmogelijkheden beperkt waren. Het beleven van toenemende disconnectie stond centraal en werd nog versterkt door een toenemende restrictieve en top-down aangestuurde organisatiecultuur. De studie toont aan dat het gevoel van samenhorigheid en connectie toeneemt door het volhoudend inzetten op open dialoog, het leren van en met elkaar en het oog hebben voor afstemming. Dit draagt bij tot wederzijds begrip en geeft ruimte aan nieuwe inzichten en initiatieven. De inzichten uit het onderzoek geven aan hoe een future-proof GGZ gebaat is met hulpverleners die zich ook in buitengewone omstandigheden adaptief en present opstellen. De voorwaarde is dat hulpverleners zich gesteund en empowered voelen door hun leidinggevenden en dat leidinggevenden zich op hun beurt gesteund voelen door een waardengedreven organisatiecultuur.".
• 01GJCJ89M17D91983PCJQ7WD3A abstract "Introduction: Recently, treatment of atrial tachycardia by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) was described. Recurrence was still seen in some patients, probably related to poor catheter-tissue contact. A new mapping system (CARTO®3) allows real-time assessment of cathetertissue contact by measuring contact-force (CF). Adequate contact ensures effective ablation lesions which improves procedural success and reduces recurrence. Methods: 3D EAM and RFCA was performed under general anaesthesia in the right and left atrium in 5 healthy horses in sinus rhythm, using CARTO®3. RFCA aimed for isolation of the caudal vena cava (CaVC) and pulmonary veins, two regions that harbour the source of arrhythmia in horses with atrial arrhythmias. In the right atrium, point-by-point ablation was performed to isolate the myocardial sleeves of CaVC (n=5) (Fig. 1). In the left atrium, isolation of ostium II (n=3), ostium III (n=1) and ostium I-II-III en bloc (n=1) was performed. Radiofrequency (RF) energy was delivered in power-controlled mode with a target power of 35-45W, CF between 10-15g and irrigation rate of 30ml/min, until an ablation-index of 450-500 was reached. Results: All targeted locations could be isolated, which was confirmed by absence of conduction and absence of capture while pacing distal from the ablation line. Isolation of the CaVC, ostium II, ostium III and ostium I-II-III required 12-28, 9-34, 19 and 59 RF applications. Conclusion: This is the first description of 3D EAM and RFCA with CARTO®3 system in horses, thereby showing the applicability of successful CaVC and pulmonary vein isolation in horses. CF measurement allowed efficient monitoring of catheter-tissue contact resulting in efficient lesion creation. Clinical relevance: 3D EAM and RFCA using real-time CF measurement allows CaVC and pulmonary vein isolation, a promising new treatment strategy for arrhythmias originating from the right and the left atrium in adult horses.".
• 01GJCK3H04JBXZAYW2ZQ96EDWQ abstract "This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of an atrioventricular accessory pathway (AP) in a horse by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). During routine check-up of the horse, intermittent ventricular pre-excitation was noticed on the electrocardiogram (ECG), characterized by a short PQ interval and abnormal QRS morphology. A right cranial location of the AP was suspected from the 12-lead ECG and vectorcardiography. After precise localization of the AP using 3D EAM, ablation was performed and AP conduction was eliminated. Immediately after recovery from anesthesia an occasional pre-excited complex was still observed, but a 24-hour ECG and an ECG during exercise 1 and 6 weeks after the procedure showed complete disappearance of pre-excitation. This case shows the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA to identify and treat an AP in horses.".
• 01GJCRNS10DRJSC2NHBNAXYW7F abstract "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large and varying impact on primary care. This paper studies changes in the tasks of general practitioners (GPs) and associated staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the PRICOV-19 study of 5093 GPs in 38 countries were used. We constructed a scale for task changes and performed multilevel analyses. The scale was reliable at both GP and country level. Clustering of task changes at country level was considerable (25%). During the pandemic, staff members were more involved in giving information and recommendations to patients contacting the practice by phone, and they were more involved in triage. GPs took on additional responsibilities and were more involved in reaching out to patients. Problems due to staff absence, when dealt with internally, were related to more task changes. Task changes were larger in practices employing a wider range of professional groups. Whilst GPs were happy with the task changes in practices with more changes, they also felt the need for further training. A higher-than-average proportion of elderly people and people with a chronic condition in the practice were related to task changes. The number of infections in a country during the first wave of the pandemic was related to task changes. Other characteristics at country level were not associated with task changes. Future research on the sustainability of task changes after the pandemic is needed.".
• 01GJCSHA5ANQ51EK8WXN03QGT2 abstract "Newspapers contain a wealth of historical information in the form of articles and illustrations. Libraries and cultural heritage institutions have been digitizing their collections for decades to enable web-based access to and retrieval of information. A number of challenges arise when dealing with digitized collections, such as those of KBR, the Royal Library of Brussels (used in this study), which contain only page-level metadata, making it difficult to extract information from specific contexts. A context-aware search relies heavily on metadata enhancement. Therefore, when using metadata at the page level, it is even more challenging to geolocalize less-known landmarks. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a pipeline for geolocalization and visualization of historical photographs. The first step of this pipeline consists of converting page-level metadata to article-level metadata. In the next step, all articles with building images were classified based on image classification algorithms. Moreover, to correctly geolocalize historical photographs, we propose a hybrid approach that uses both textual metadata and image features. We conclude this research paper by addressing the challenge of visualizing historical content in a way that adds value to humanities research. It is noteworthy that a number of historical urban scenes are visualized using rephotography, which is notoriously challenging to get right. This study serves as an important step towards enriching historical metadata and facilitating cross-collection linkages, geolocalization, and the visualization of historical newspaper images. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is generic and can be used to process untagged photographs from social media, including Flickr and Instagram.".
• 01GJCSTW415BKS2RAF9ZGZG65G abstract "Purpose: To systematically summarize and review the existing literature to determine the difference between wound cleansing techniques, irrigation and swabbing, in relation to bleeding, pain, infection, necrotic tissue and exudate in non-infected chronic wounds including pressure injuries, venous and arterial leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases Ovid Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Re-views, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and EMBASE was performed to identify all relevant literature in English. The search also included systematic reviews as a method to obtain additional potential citations by manually searching the reference lists. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.Results: One study met eligibility criteria. Two hundred fifty six patients with wounds healing via secondary intention (n symbolscript 256) were included. Wound cleansing via swabbing technique was associated with increased perception of pain and increased rates of infection when compared to the irrigation group (93.4% versus 84.2% p symbolscript 0.02 and 5.2% versus 3.3% p symbolscript 0.44, respectively). Only a small proportion of this sample met the inclusion criteria, so the results are not considered externally valid.Conclusion: Wound cleansing remains a controversial topic. Despite calls for further research, there continues to remain a large gap in evidence to guide practice. Irrigation continues to replace swabbing in the management of chronic wounds, although evidence of improved outcomes is virtually nonexistent. Although the one study identified was of sound methodological quality, chronic wounds accounted for only a small percentage of the sample. Therefore, results are not generalizable to those with chronic wounds. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of basic wound cleansing techniques before considering more costly products.".
• 01GJCVKQ2NW2D24JS0JJM4F7G1 abstract "Music-streaming platform Spotify occupies a unique position within the realm of digital media. While at first glance merely a platform for music consumption, Spotify also affords (algorithm-driven) playlist and public-profile features for users to engage in curation, social interaction, and self-presentation, similar to ‘traditional’ social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. The friending and following affordances and the indirect algorithmic mechanisms that constitute Spotify’s social network correspond to four key elements of social media (programmability, popularity, connectivity, and datafication). This chapter takes a social media lens to examine Spotify’s relations to intimacies and identities. It thereby adopts the popular music studies use of the term ‘intimacy’ as designating all affective, deeply personal, private practices, and posits intimacy as a dynamic, open phenomenon. While both popular music and social media have been hailed as potential utopias of tolerance and democracy, the relations between Spotify, which operates at the intersection of both, and identities have been more complex and less unilaterally positive. First, as user practices and Spotify algorithms are mutually constitutive, Spotify interferes in hidden but meaningful ways with the music discoveries and practices of users. Second, Spotify mediates intimacies when users curate and engage with music to make sense of the self or to navigate moods, emotions, and everyday life. Thirdly and lastly, amidst Spotify’s rather blurry and opaque affordances for social interaction, users negotiate what ought to be shared and what ought to be kept private. Context collapses might lead to unintended disclosure of intimate (aspects of) one’s music taste, personal situation, or social-political identities. When we aim to understand the relations between social media and people’s everyday lives, emotional worlds, intimacies, and identities, the role of Spotify is not to be ignored.".
• 01GJCXB4ACHQW1NQ2MRXWBQR72 abstract "Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit einigen Merkmalen der Innendifferenzierung des Erziehungssystems, d. h. der Differenzierung zwischen Familie und Schule. Ausgehend von der Idee der funktionalen Differenzierung diskutieren wir zunächst die Ausdifferenzierung des Erziehungssystems und die Rolle, die Schulen dabei gespielt haben. Anschließend analysieren wir die Beziehung zwischen beiden Subsystemen aus der Perspektive der strikten und der losen Kopplung. Danach betrachten wir einige Folgen der zunehmenden gesellschaftlichen Legitimität von Schulen und Universitäten und die Art und Weise, wie das zunehmende Prestige von Schulen und Universitäten die Innendifferenzierung des Bildungssystems beeinflusst. Wir schließen diesen Beitrag mit einer kurzen Reflexion über die Differenzierungsprobleme des Erziehungssystems ab.".
• 01GJCXB4ACHQW1NQ2MRXWBQR72 abstract "This paper looks at some basic characteristics of the internal differentiation within the education system, i. e. the differentiation between the family and the school. Departing from the idea of functional differentiation, we first discuss the differentiation of the education system and the role which schools have played in this regard. Afterwards we analyze the relationship between both subsystems in terms of strict and loose coupling. We then look at some consequences of the growing societal legitimacy of schools and universities and the ways in which the growing prestige of schools and universities influence the internal differentiation of the education system. We conclude this paper with a short reflection on the differentiation problems of the education.".
• 01GJD2TXK14Y97Q4NZF7SH1TST abstract "Power-to-Methane (P2M) pathways are proposed as an innovative solution to utilize surplus renewable electricity for long-term and long-distance storage. This electricity can produce hydrogen using electrolysis and, with the input of CO2 from biogas, be further used for the production of synthetic methane. The methanation reaction can be done with a biocatalyst or nickel catalyst, each with a different pathway of pre- and post-treatment steps. To date, only a limited number of studies have analysed the environmental impact of P2M pathways using life cycle assessment, and no study has directly compared the biological and catalytic P2M pathways. The goal of this research is to close this knowledge gap by quantifying the environmental impact of synthetic methane production and identifying differences between both pathways. Mass and heat balances of both pathways were simulated with AspenPlus and used as basis for a thorough life cycle inventory of the material and energy demand. The global warming potential per MWh synthetic CH4 is similar for the biological and catalytic pathways, but the impact is differently distributed between the processes. The catalytic pathway requires more sulfur removal, compression power and cooling demand. In the biological pathway, the bioreactor has a large impact due to its electricity and nutrient demand, whereas the catalytic reactor's impact is almost negligible.".
• 01GJD974QF2BKQJQK3G35NGWJ1 abstract "In Je languages, verbs appear in a non-finite form that fulfills a double function: licensing marked TAME semantics in main clauses, and licensing embedded clauses. However, the Panara language lost its non-finite verbal form. This paper examines Panara verbs from both a synchronic and diachronic angle, and in a broader comparative approach with regards to the morphosyntactic behaviour of verbs in the other Je languages. The main claim is that the non-finite forms prevalent in the Je family underwent a reanalysis in Panara, resulting in fully finite clauses in all environments.".
• 01GJD982Z76TXVMQA67SG3FMYV abstract "This paper interrogates the representation of the instruments of reasoning (tarka upāya) in Brajvāsīdās’s Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka, “The Drama of the Rise of the Wisdom Moon”, composed in Brajbhāṣā in 1760 CE. How are Nyāya categories expressed in a dramatic mould? What is the context of their exposition and its aim in Brajvāsīdās’s text which displays Vedāntic and bhakti leanings? First, I will introduce the context and the conceptual background of the discussion and then analyse the treatment of Nyāya in the drama through a close reading of the relevant text passages. My conclusions are provisional but make space for the possibility of Nyāya philosophy being treated in languages different from Sanskrit and in literary genres other than technical literature (śāstra).".
• 01GJD9EHVQBNPPRBA7BAB0J977 abstract "The permanent deformation, stiffness degradation and strength of UD Glass/PA6 coupons with an open hole under tension and compression loading is investigated. 3 layups: [0/90]5s and [+45/-45]5s and [+45/0/-45/90]3s were tested. The specimen shape was rectangular with a width of 36 mm and a hole size of 6 mm, according to ASTM D5766. Both monotonic loading as well as Loading-Unloading-Reloading tests were executed. This, together with a measure of the full field strain of the sample (using Digital Image Correlation) allowed to identify the general sample strength as well as identify several regions where permanent deformation and damage occurred.".
• 01GJDA9K6V0NJEQG50QQX1Z8SS abstract "Background Syngnathids are a highly derived and diverse fish clade comprising the pipefishes, pipe-horses, and seahorses. They are characterized by a plethora of iconic traits that increasingly capture the attention of biologists, including geneticists, ecologists, and developmental biologists. The current understanding of the origins of their derived body plan is, however, hampered by incomplete and limited descriptions of the early syngnathid ontogeny. Results We provide a comprehensive description of the development of Nerophis ophidion, Syngnathus typhle, and Hippocampus erectus from early cleavage stages to release from the male brooding organ and beyond, including juvenile development. We comparatively describe skeletogenesis with a particular focus on dermal bony plates, the snout-like jaw morphology, and appendages. Conclusions This most comprehensive and detailed account of syngnathid development to date suggests that convergent phenotypes (e.g., reduction and loss of the caudal fins), likely arose by distinct ontogenetic means in pipefishes and seahorses. Comparison of the ontogenetic trajectories of S. typhle and H. erectus provides indications that characteristic features of the seahorse body plan result from developmental truncation. Altogether, this work provides a valuable resource and framework for future research to understand the evolution of the outlandish syngnathid morphology from a developmental perspective.".
• 01GJDHT4RDE53NFJWBW44DWPKV abstract "In this paper, a Hall plate readout with a randomized four-phase spinning-current scheme is proposed. The goal is to remove the maximum number of offset components, including the offset associated with spike demodulation. The outcome is that only the smallest possible offset remains, corresponding to the residual offset of the Hall plate which cannot be distinguished from the Hall signal. An additional innovation is to operate various offset-reduction loops in spread-spectrum mode, allowing the removal of error components without notching out any in-band signals. The resulting approach delivers a very large notch-free bandwidth while simultaneously reducing the Hall plate residual offset, making it an enabler for high-bandwidth Hall-based current sensors. To demonstrate the proposed techniques, we have realized a mixed-mode experimental circuit, where the analog part is implemented in a custom integrated circuit, and the digital control system in an FPGA is connected to the analog chip. Measurement results feature a Hall readout system with a notch-free bandwidth up to 820 kHz and a 47 mu Trms noise floor. The input-referred Hall plate offset, based on statistical measurements on 10 samples from a single wafer, is reduced from 130 +/- 22 mu T to only 23 +/- 22 mu T.".
• 01GJDJ8TZN7C8CGAVMX0ESH1JG abstract "Describes in detail the design methodology for CMOS time-encoding analog-to-digital converters that can be integrated Assists analog designers with the necessary change in design paradigm, highlighting differences Uses a highly-visual, tutorial approach to the topic, including many practical examples of techniques introduced".
• 01GJE40F6S5H1BVK9AE7G4MY12 abstract "This concluding chapter presents a summary of the research findings in the previous chapters, along with some reflections for each of the five themes of the book and a discussion of necessary future responses (post-pandemic or in the event of a new pandemic) and topics that require further exploration. The pandemic brought into sharp relief pre-existing social disparities and affected vulnerable populations the most. The economic impacts of the pandemic were diverse and varied by geography, but again certain geographies and economic sectors were more buffered from negative outcomes than others. A lesson and a challenge for policymakers is to find ways to understand and reduce these disparities, instead of pushing them under the rug. The impacts on mobility and travel were dramatic as total trips decreased, transit usage fell dramatically, and telecommuting and active modes of transportation increased. Some positive impacts included an improved air quality, a reduced number of traffic crashes, and a proliferation of walking and biking in some neighbourhoods. As cities are slowly recovering from the pandemic, the challenge is to keep the positive impacts but also find ways to help the transit industry rebound from its plunge. Long-term impacts of the pandemic in terms of changing patterns of work and work arrangements, shopping, recreation, and other human activities that will affect travel need additional time and more research to discern.".
• 01GJE427ZYDBWXM7V27TS9CDNN abstract "This chapter examines the impact of the pandemic on walking and bicycling using three longitudinal samples of U.S. adults in the time of COVID-19. We use data from a unique longitudinal panel that was created as a combination of research projects conducted during 2018, 2019, and 2020 at the University of California, Davis. Data was collected in a sequence of four waves of data collection to better understand how active travel changed from early lockdown orders through lifts in travel restrictions. Bicycling in all three panels showed examples of an increase in the mode share for commuting at the start of the pandemic along with less of a decrease in the absolute number of trips with this mode, compared to other modes. Through person-level change and changes in mode share, walking showed an increase for non-work travel and daily physical activity during the spring of 2020. The analyses presented in this chapter show how some respondents initially turned to active travel during the early pandemic months, but that active travel generally waned later into the pandemic.".
• 01GJE43C3BA26JWJ70T2XEYHE9 abstract "One of the major impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on society has been the massive adoption of telecommuting, and its related changes in travel choices. Using data collected in the greater Los Angeles region in the Fall 2020, this chapter examines the topic through the analysis of the changes in travel behavior among workers who adopted telecommuting in some capacity versus workers who did not telecommute during the pandemic. We analyze data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 4,045 local residents to examine key sociodemographic characteristics of these two groups and their changes in travel behavior. We observe some major demographic differences between the telecommuting and non-telecommuting respondent groups, with non-telecommuters more likely to be non-white, younger, and with lower household income than telecommuters. At the time of the data collection, all groups reported lower average trip frequency across all travel modes and trip purposes, and reduced vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) as well. However, we observed high average monthly frequency of use of private vehicles and active travel modes for non-commute travel, in some cases indicating an increase from the previous year during the same period, as travelers avoided shared modes of travel during the pandemic.".
• 01GJE44FFFNADHY4VECYSWKKNZ abstract "To explore potential travel behavior shifts induced by personally owned, fully autonomous vehicles (AVs), we ran an experiment that provided personal chauffeurs to 43 households in the Sacramento region to simulate life with an AV. Like an advanced AV, the chauffeurs took over driving duties. Households were recruited from the 2018 Sacramento household travel survey sample. Sampling was stratified by weekly vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and households were selected to be diverse by demographics, modal preferences, mobility barriers, and residential location. Thirty-four households received 60 h of chauffeur service for 1 week, and nine households received 60 h per week for 2 weeks. Smartphone-based travel diaries were recorded for the chauffeur week(s), 1 week before, and 1 week after. During the chauffeur week, the overall systemwide VMT (summing across all sampled households) increased by 60%, over half of which came from "zero-occupancy vehicle" (ZOV) trips (when the chauffeur was the only occupant). The number of trips made in the system increased by 25%, with ZOV trips accounting for 85% of these additional trips. There was a shift away from transit, ridehailing, biking, and walking trips, which dropped by 70%, 55%, 38%, and 10%, respectively. Households with mobility barriers and those with less auto dependency had the greatest percent increase in VMT, whereas higher VMT households and families with children had the lowest. The results highlight how AVs can enhance mobility, but also caution against the potential detrimental effects on the transportation system and the need to regulate AVs and ZOVs.".
• 01GJE45DYP9514J9BHPEG0WK1G abstract "In this study, we explore the heterogeneous impacts of ridehailing on the use of other travel modes using survey data (N = 1,438) collected from June to October 2019 (i.e., before the COVID-19 pandemic) across three regions in southern U.S. states: Phoenix, Arizona; Atlanta, Georgia; and Austin, Texas. We apply a latent-class cluster analysis to indicators of changes in the use of various travel modes as a result of ridehailing adoption, with covariates of socioeconomics, demographics, a land-use attribute, and individual attitudes. We identify four distinctive latent classes of behavioral changes in response to the use of ridehailing. About half of ridehailing users in the sample (49.7%) are found to behave as Mobility augmenters, who use ridehailing rarely, in addition to other travel modes, and do not change their travel routines much as a result of the adoption of this mobility service. The second largest class includes Exogenous changers (24.5%), whose members report many changes in their use of various travel modes, but which can be largely explained by other reasons. Private car/taxi substituters (15%) frequently hail a ride, and as a result, reduce their use of private vehicles while making more trips by public transit and active modes, as the result of using ridehailing. Interestingly, Transit/active mode substituters (10.8%) often use ridehailing, likely for trips that they previously made by public transit or active modes, and consequently reduce their use of these less-polluting modes while enjoying enhanced mobility. This study reveals substantial heterogeneity in ridehailing impacts, which were masked in previous studies that focused on average impacts, and it suggests that policy responses should be customized by users' socioeconomics and residential neighborhoods.".
• 01GJE47BDVV1RQN0B60B3DWD0Q abstract "Satisfaction with life is a self-reported measure of the quality of life that has become a critical societal indicator extensively used for the evaluation and comparison of a wide range of trends and policies. This study fuses five cross-sectional travel surveys conducted from 1992 to 2018 across various geographical locations in California. Using the fused sample, we develop generalized ordered logit models to examine the effects of demographic characteristics, travel-related attributes, general and transport-related attitudinal variables, and context-control variables on individuals' self-reported measures of life satisfaction. We find that longer commute times, mobility limitations, and a tendency to see travel as a waste of time are negatively associated with life satisfaction. To enable the use of disparate cross-sectional survey data, we incorporate context-control variables into the models. We find that life satisfaction appears to be increasing as GDP per capita increases. Among employed people, the macro-scale unemployment rate positively influences their life satisfaction. Interestingly, all else equal, we find that online opinion panel respondents have lower life satisfaction relative to respondents from other sampling methods (mainly address-based sampling), a finding that should be considered in future research using these sampling methods. Overall, this study provides a unique look at life satisfaction within a transport context, while providing an example of fusing small-scale survey datasets to study longitudinal, domain-specific, influences on variables like subjective well-being.".
• 01GJE48AHF9V27MADHWKQC1H8K abstract "The impacts of shared e-scooters on modal shifts have received increased attention in recent years. This study provides a review of the literature for modal shifts in the US and other countries. The profile of shared e-scooter users is rather similar to that of station-based and free-floating bikeshare programs. The empirical data reveal that people use shared e-scooters in place of cars at substantial rates, especially in many US cities, which suggests that in many locations shared e-scooters may be a good strategy for reducing car dependence. The use of shared e-scooters as a complement to public transit varies highly by city, highlighting how technology, regulations, and incentives may be needed in some cities to ensure modal integration and harvest the potential societal benefits from the introduction of shared e-scooters.".
• 01GJE49W03SWSXS52Q5ZHE10F7 abstract "The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown measures have led to an increase in e-shopping. Using longitudinal data from before and during the pandemic, we find that the number of respondents in our study who shop online at least once per week increased nearly five-fold between fall 2019 (11.6%) and spring 2020 (51.2%). We estimate a series of ordered logit models to establish who is responsible for this recent rise in e-commerce, and to help assess whether it will be temporary or longer lasting. We then discuss the equity implications and urban and regional restructuring that this change in e-shopping behavior may entail.".
• 01GJE4BMEWXHWVAQ17B9PKY9ZR abstract "Bikeshare systems have attracted increased research interest ranging from bikeshare planning analyses to operational improvement studies (e.g., rebalancing, or station optimization). However, the interaction between bikeshare station spatial distribution and actual bikeshare activities when addressing equity issues has not been thoroughly considered. Moreover, there is a paucity of research helping governments develop incentive programs for equitable bikeshare services. To fill this research gap, we develop a model to estimate the potential demand (i. e., bikeshare trip production and attraction) and its distribution, and evaluate performance over a set of objectives (e.g., maximization of annual revenue, accessibility improvements) to find the most equitable distribution of stations. We build a genetic algorithm to solve this multi-objective optimization. The study uses the Divvy bikeshare system in Chicago as a case study, and compares the solutions of the model with the system's expansion (new stations added) in 2016, which targeted disadvantaged areas. When selecting accessibility as the main objective, the results indicate the need to provide more stations in disadvantaged areas and those results overlap with the system's expansion in 2016. On the contrary, the goal of revenue maximization results in a smaller network of stations and fewer accessibility improvements, especially in disadvantaged communities. A sensitivity analysis uncovers the greatest obstacle (i.e., station cost) to adding more stations in disadvantaged areas. More importantly, a Pareto frontier of this multi-objective optimization supports several policy suggestions for incentivizing private bikeshare companies to target more disadvantaged populations. Our results show the importance of considering accessibility and other equity constraints in developing a more inclusive, equitable and sustainable transportation system, and we provide several planning suggestions.".
• 01GJE4CF0E91K99ZJ8G396FVS1 abstract "We estimated travel demand models that incorporate a private autonomous vehicle (AV) option using revealed preference data in which personal chauffeurs simulated a personally owned AV. We investigated four components of activity-based models (ABM): activity pattern and primary destination choice, mode choice, and time of day. We compared the chauffeur week models ("AV future") to the non-chauffeur week models (current conditions). We found no statistically significant differences in parameters of the individual activity pattern, time of day, or destination choice. For mode choice, however, while the auto constant did not change, the mean value of time decreased 60%. As the destination choice model included the mode choice logsum, this results in longer average tour lengths. Moreover, while the trip-making propensity of individuals did not change significantly, there was a 25% increase in systemwide trips due "AVs" (chauffeurs) being sent on errands. This points to the importance of incorporating zero-occupancy vehicle (ZOV) trips into the ABM framework. Our findings suggest that these can be incorporated via the standard ABM development process by adding as additional model components ZOV home-based tours and ZOV subtours. Relatedly, as inter-regional travel is modeled outside the ABM framework, our results indicated that modifications should be made to account for the increase in interregional tours, which were 54% more frequent during chauffeur weeks. While these results are from a relatively small sample of 71 individuals, they are the first such travel demand estimation results available from a field experiment, and further studies can build on our framework.".
• 01GJE4DSDPQ144AXA475KBNZAQ abstract "Millennials, the demographic cohort born in the last two decades of the twentieth century, are reported to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their everyday lives, including travel, to a greater extent than older generations. As ICT-driven travel-based multitasking influences travelers' experience and satisfaction in various ways, millennials are expected to be affected at a greater scale. Still, to our knowledge, no previous studies have specifically focused on the impact of travel multitasking on travel behavior and the value of travel time (VOTT) of young adults. To address this gap, we use an original dataset collected among Northern California commuters (N = 2216) to analyze the magnitude and significance of individual and household-level factors affecting commute mode choice. We estimate a revealed-preference mode choice model and investigate the differences between millennials and older adults in the sample. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore how incorporation of explanatory factors such as attitudes and propensity to multitask while traveling in mode choice models affects coefficient estimates, VOTT, and willingness to pay to use a laptop on the commute. Compared to non-millennials, the mode choice of millennials is found to be less affected by socio-economic characteristics and more strongly influenced by the activities performed while traveling. Young adults are found to have lower VOTT than older adults for both in-vehicle (15.0% less) and out-of-vehicle travel time (15.7% less), and higher willingness to pay (in time or money) to use a laptop, even after controlling for demographic traits, personal attitudes, and the propensity to multitask. This study contributes to better understanding the commuting behavior of millennials, and the factors affecting it, a topic of interest to transportation researchers, planners, and practitioners.".
• 01GJE4FNYJEJ0S2PW87GAAH0A1 abstract "This study explores the factors that affect the use of ridehailing services (Uber, Lyft) as well as the adoption of shared (pooled) ridehailing (UberPool, Lyft Share) using data collected in California in fall 2018 using a cross-sectional travel survey. A semi-ordered bivariate probit model is estimated using this dataset. Among other findings, the model results show that better-educated, younger individuals who currently work or work and study are more likely to use shared ridehailing services than other individuals, and in particular members of older cohorts. Being white and living in a higher-income household is associated with a higher likelihood of being a frequent user of regular ridehailing but does not have statistically significant effects on the likelihood of adopting shared ridehailing. With respect to the factors limiting the use of shared ridehailing services, it was found that the increased travel time and lack of privacy discourage the adoption of shared ridehailing. Evidence is also found that some land-use features affect the likelihood of using both types of services. While the likelihood of using both ridehailing and shared ridehailing is higher in urban areas, residents of neighborhoods with higher intersection density are found to be more likely to adopt shared ridehailing only. However, some of the land-use variables become insignificant after introducing individuals' attitudes related to land use into the model. This is an indication of residential self-selection, and the potential risk of attributing impacts to land-use features if individual attitudes are not explicitly controlled for.".
• 01GJE4GR1SAQ9FYWZ4YNHNM855 abstract "Considerable recent work suggests that Millennials' behaviors may be converging with those of Generation X as they enter later life stages, but few have investigated whether attitudes, which are often strong predictors of behavior, are undergoing the same convergence. In this study, we analyze the existing generational gap in four transportation-related attitudes (currently pro-urban, long-term pro-urban, pro-car ownership, and pro-environment), and examine the differential effects of other characteristics, including life-stage variables, on these attitudinal gaps. We apply the threefold Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to a statewide (weighted) sample of 1029 Millennials and 946 Generation Xers from California to unravel these effects. The method distinguishes among: (1) effects due to the cohorts having different characteristics (endowments); (2) effects due to those characteristics having different influences on attitudes (coefficients); and (3) the interaction of those two effects. We observe that Millennials' attitudes: (1) differ from those of Generation X only by small, albeit statistically significant, amounts on average; and (2) are closer to those of Generation X as they gain on a host of life-stage variables such as marital status, income, and education. For example, if Millennials were married, employed, and earning higher incomes at the same rates as Generation X (but retaining their own model coefficients), the generational gap in the currently pro-urban attitude would be reduced by 24%. This study brings an econometric approach to the study of generational divides in transportation-related attitudes, with findings suggesting that Millennials might be leaving part of their uniqueness behind as they enter later life stages.".
• 01GJE4HMA9FFC1RFXBTQV6PSZD abstract "Ridehailing has become a main-stream mobility option in many cities around the world. Many factors can in-fluence an individual?s decision to use ridehailing over other modes, and the growing need of policy makers to make built-environment and regulatory decisions related to ridehailing requires an increased understanding of these. This study develops a model that estimates how the built environment affects the decision to choose ridehailing for making non-work trips, while carefully accounting for a variety of confounding effects that could potentially bias the results (if ignored or improperly incorporated). These include: total number of trips, dif-ferences in supply between urban and non-urban areas, residential choice (e.g. urban versus non-urban areas), and household choice of whether to own a vehicle. We use individual-level data from a California travel survey that includes detailed attitude measurements to estimate an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) model to properly specify these effects. We include accessibility measures used elsewhere (e.g., Walkscore) plus mea-sures developed for this study. Our analysis estimates the effect of these measures on ridehailing mode share, and how they differ between urban and non-urban areas. This analysis results in several major findings: we confirm that omission of latent preferences for residential location and vehicle ownership from the analysis can lead to biased results; previous studies may have overestimated the complementarity or substitution relationships be-tween public transit and ridehailing by ignoring confounding effects; and even after accounting for other effects, individuals living in vibrant and walkable neighborhoods have a higher mode share for ridehailing (potentially using it instead of active modes).".
• 01GJE4KBPXX46YN65PGZ50R0GV abstract "Waiting, whether for services, for someone, or for something, is an inescapable part of life. This paper addresses a gap in the waiting time literature by examining previously sparsely studied relationships between individual- and travel-related characteristics and attitudes toward waiting using a revealed preference dataset of Northern California commuters (N = 2617). Correlational analyses, followed by a trivariate seemingly unrelated regression equations model, are developed for three waiting attitudinal constructs: general tolerance toward waiting, and attitudes toward equipped and expected waiting. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, time use perceptions and preferences, personality traits, multitasking attitudes (polychronicity), commute preferences and expectations, and general attitudes (e.g. pro-technology) are all seen to have significant effects on waiting attitudes. As this survey was executed on commuters, it also facilitates a unique simultaneous exploration of travel and wait time attributes, time uses that are often similarly viewed in day-to-day life. From this perspective, we see that longer commute times and distances are correlated with negative attitudes toward waiting, while commuters with pro-transit, pro-density, and pro-active transportation attitudes tend to have positive attitudes toward waiting. Additionally, we see that those with preferences for multitasking in general or at their jobs can tolerate waiting better. Overall, this study constitutes a distinctive contribution to the waiting time literature, capitalizing on a rich dataset to make important connections between related time uses and a multitude of other variables-key among them polychronicity, with its potential ability to reduce the negative perception and experience of waiting. Findings from this study may also benefit transportation and other service providers by facilitating an understanding of how various consumer groups/demographics view waiting, thus enabling providers to better cater to diverse needs/populations.".
• 01GJE4NF4WGKCKSXS67H0VJ018 abstract "Millennials tend to use a variety of travel modes more often than older birth cohorts. Two potential explanations for this phenomenon prevail in the literature. According to the first explanation, millennials often choose travel multimodality at least in part because of the effects of the economic crisis, which affected young adults more severely than their older counterparts. Another explanation points to the fact that millennials may have fundamentally different preferences from those of older birth cohorts. This paper presents an examination of millennials' travel behavior as compared to the preceding Generation X, based on a survey of 1069 California commuters. It shows that millennials adopt multimodality more often than Gen Xers, on average. However, the analysis also points to substantial heterogeneity among millennials and indicates that, perhaps contrary to expectations and the stereotype in the media, the majority of millennials are monomodal drivers in California. The paper contributes to the literature on millennials' mobility in several ways. First, it rigorously classifies various forms of travel multimodality (on a monthly basis and distinctively taking trip purpose into account) through the analysis of a rich dataset that includes individual attitudes and preferences; second, it explores gradual changes of multimodality across age and generation; and third, it analyzes the effects of various demographic, built environment, and attitudinal attributes on the adoption of multimodality.".
• 01GJE4P9TEBR81ZBGYNKTYF2SX abstract "Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017-2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes - specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected "no change" in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.".
• 01GJE4R5A84MAQYD6N1G18S7TH abstract "Non-motorized travel modes, particularly cycling, are experiencing a resurgence in many United States (U.S.) states as well as in other countries. Still, most studies focus on bicyclists' behaviors in areas with strong bicycling cultures. This paper discusses the findings of a survey (N = 1,178) deployed in six communities in Alabama and Tennessee, U.S., where cycling is not (yet) popular nor widely adopted. The analysis includes linear regression models built on respondents' reactions to images of bicycling infrastructure and their perceptions of being comfortable, safe, and willing to try cycling on the displayed roadway type. Findings indicate a preference for more separated bicycle infrastructure types along with options that exclude on-street parking. Segmented models indicate that, compared with potential cyclists, the preferences of regular utilitarian cyclists can vary more than those of recreational/occasional cyclists. Results from this study provide useful insights into ways to maximize the return on investments, and design bike infrastructure that can attract patronage and be most successful in areas lacking a substantial bicycling population.".
• 01GJE4S4YHDZAN0RZXZE4RPGE8 abstract "This study offers an early glimpse of how individuals perceive the advantages/disadvantages of AVs, their mode-use intentions, and potential market segments with respect to mode use, should AVs eventually become the only way to travel by car. To do so, we implemented a statewide survey of Georgia residents (N = 2890) and using that data, we applied factor analyses to two blocks of AV-related statements. The first block measured 12 perceptions of AVs, and yielded two psychological constructs: AV pros (advantages/ benefits) and AV overuse cons (negative outcomes specifically associated with the excessive use of AVs). The second block of statements measured respondents' inclinations between AV and non-AV options for 12 hypothetical transportation "needs", and factor analysis identified four mode-use propensity constructs: AV(-inclined) over walk/bike, AV over flight, zero-occupant AV over occupied AV, and AV over transit. The main goal of the paper was to segment the sample on the basis of these four mode-use propensities, to identify clusters with similar propensity profiles or response vectors. We applied latent class cluster analysis to do so, and identified seven potential market segments: some preferring AV options in general, others preferring non-AV options or having unique propensity patterns based on certain contexts (e.g. long distance travel and vehicle occupancy). In the model, socio-demographics, geography, attitudes, and perceptions of AVs help characterize those market segments, and this provides a basis for deeper interpretation and consideration of policy implications.".
• 01GJE4SWJ9HMH1E0Z7XF13JQSK abstract "The millennial generation, the cohort born from 1981 to 1996, lives in large cities or denser parts of metropolitan areas more than preceding generations did at the same age. Studies have theorized that a combination of temporary economic hardship, long-term societal changes, and changing preferences and attitudes have been responsible for Millennials' unique residential choices. This study examines a less-explored question about the presence and significance of heterogeneity in residential preferences across and within generations. In doing so, this study employs a latent-class choice model on a commuter subsample of Millennials and members of Generation X (n = 729) of the California Millennials Dataset, which collected a rich set of variables on various dimensions in Fall 2015. Using randomly-generated unlabeled choice sets at the US Census block group level, this study identifies three latent classes. The Younger, Pro-Urban Class (53% of our dataset; 66% of its millennial cases and 42% of its Gen Xers) behaves as the stereotypical Millennials in popular media, preferring urban amenities; the Affluent, Highly-Educated Class (32% of our dataset; 25% of its millennials and 38% of its Gen Xers) appears to pursue lifestyles and high socioeconomic status over homeownership or good school districts; and the Middle-Class Homeowner Class (15% of our dataset; 8% of its millennial cases and 21% of its Gen Xers) presents more traditional family-oriented suburban lifestyles. After the examination of shares of the three classes by age and neighborhood type, we provide suggestions for future research and effective planning responses.".
• 01GJE4TVY2GYGH8JKR96JMCE57 abstract "Travel-based multitasking, or the performance of activities while traveling, is more feasible than ever before, as the expanding availability of shared ride services and increasing vehicle automation coincide with the ubiquity of portable information and communication technology devices. However, the question of whether, and if so, how these increasingly blurred boundaries between activities are truly helping rather than hurting us is not presently well-understood. Using an attitudinally-rich travel survey of Northern California commuters (N approximate to 2500), we develop a conceptual and empirically-based framework for studying benefits and disadvantages of travel-based multitasking. Through latent variable models of reported benefits and disadvantages of activities conducted on a recent commute, we identify constructs associated with hedonic and productive benefits, and with affective and cognitive disadvantages. This empirically-developed framework informs the definition of binary variables indicating the presence/absence of each construct for a given traveler on the commute in question. We then present two bivariate binary probit models that examine the effects of person and trip attributes such as personality traits, chosen mode, commute preferences, and activities conducted while traveling on the presence of those benefits and disadvantages, respectively. Notably, we find evidence that conditions/activities that may facilitate multitasking benefits can also simultaneously yield disadvantages; for example, several activities conspicuously including talking on or otherwise using a phone - increase the probability of receiving benefits while also increasing the probability of experiencing cognitive disadvantages. This finding resonates with the general multitasking literature, and empirically corroborates the suggestion that travel-based multitasking may not uniformly increase trip utility.".
• 01GJE4VPGRKQKPYR8ZK8SMQ4XD abstract "Millennials are often called “digital natives” because they grew up during the era of rapid development and widespread adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in various aspects of everyday life. On average, millennials hold more positive attitudes toward the adoption of new technologies, and even in the transportation field they include a large portion of early adopters and frequent users of shared mobility services such as carsharing, ridehailing, and micromobility. In this chapter, we summarize the findings from the literature regarding the adoption of ICT solutions, in particular among millennials, and their relationships with travel choices. Further, we explore various patterns with which millennials and members of the previous generations use ICT applications in key domains of everyday life, and their relationships with travel choices, focusing in particular on travel mode choice. To do that, we analyze a rich transportation survey dataset collected in 2018 in California (N = 3631). We apply latent-class cluster analysis (LCCA) and identify three rather distinctive groups: intense users, moderate users, and light users of ICT. Interestingly, many intense ICT users are young educated adults living in cities with limited access to vehicles, while many light users are less-educated seniors from low-income households living in small towns or rural areas. Many millennials and members of Generation Z are found in the intense user class, while many Baby Boomers and members of the Silent Generation are in the light user class. On average, intense ICT users are more often found to be multimodal travelers who use public transportation, ridehailing, carsharing, and active travel modes, while moderate/light ICT users are more auto-oriented individuals. Consistent with expectations, the rather mobile and ICT-oriented lifestyles of millennials are associated with less car-dependent travel choices. Still, it is not clear the extent to which this reflects a true preference toward technological solutions over traditional ways of living and moving around vs. it is the result of lower access to private vehicles, temporary conditions and a transient stage in life.".
• 01GJE4WKJXM4BMRDPKH6RPNQFF abstract "A recent explosion of research on the travel behaviour of the millennial generation has found that compared to past generations they are taking longer to get a driving license, driving less, owning fewer cars and using transit more. Yet these findings are not universal with some countries seeing increases in driver licensing, little change in driving or reductions in public transport use. Most past research has explored wider social and economic explanations for these trends, such as income constraints and delays in adult life transitions. Very few studies have examined the role that local context plays in explaining the change (or the lack of change) in millennial travel behaviour. This paper aims to compare how trends in young adult travel behaviour differ across diverse city contexts. It uses a comparative descriptive analysis of household travel surveys from cities in three countries (UK, USA and Australia), focussing on auto-miles and transit-miles travelled. We find that each city experienced markedly different trends in young adult travel behaviour that are unlikely to be explained by economic differences alone. We suggest that changes to the transport systems in these cities are likely to be playing an under-recognised role in shaping travel behaviour. We suggest that further research should pay greater attention to the role of the transport system in supporting changes to travel behaviour among the next generation of young adults.".
• 01GJE4XAC9HVBJF9E6Y7WNMYEG abstract "From early studies of time allocation onward, it has been acknowledged that the "productive" nature of travel could affect its utility. Currently, at the margin an individual may choose transit over a shorter automobile trip, if thereby she is able to use the travel time more productively. On the other hand, recent advancements toward partly/fully automated vehicles are poised to revolutionize the perception and utilization of travel time in cars, and are further blurring the role of travel as a crisp transition between location-based activities. To quantify these effects, we created and administered a survey to measure travel multitasking attitudes and behaviors, together with general attitudes, mode-specific perceptions, and standard socioeconomic traits (N = 2229 Northern California commuters). In this paper, we present a revealed preference mode choice model that accounts for the impact of multitasking attitudes and behavior on the utility of various alternatives. We fmd that the propensity to engage in productive activities on the commute, operationalized as using a laptop/tablet, significantly influences utility and accounts for a small but non-trivial portion of the current mode shares. For example, the model estimates that commuter rail, transit, and car/vanpool shares would respectively be 0.11, 0.23, and 1.18 percentage points lower, and the drive-alone share 1.49 percentage points higher, if the option to use a laptop or tablet while commuting were not available. Conversely, in a hypothetical autonomous vehicles scenario, where the car would allow a high level of engagement in productive activities, the drive-alone share would increase by L48 percentage points. The results empirically demonstrate the potential of a multitasking propensity to reduce the disutility of travel time. Further, the methodology can be generalized to account for other properties of autonomous vehicles, among other applications.".
• 01GJE4Y1QDRWPMEZ8JCARA09FF abstract "The availability of ridehailing services, such as those provided by Uber and Lyft in the U.S. market, as well as the share of trips made by these services, are continuously growing. Yet, the factors affecting the frequency of use of these services are not well understood. In this paper, we investigate how the frequency of use of ridehailing varies across segments of the California population and under various circumstances. We analyze data from the California Millennials Dataset (N = 1975), collected in fall 2015 through an online survey administered to both millennials and members of the preceding Generation X. We estimate an ordered probit model with sample selection and a zero-inflated ordered probit model with correlated error terms to distinguish the factors affecting the frequency of use of ridehailing from those affecting the adoption of these services. The results are consistent across models: sociodemographic variables are important predictors of service adoption but do not explain much of the variation in the frequency of use. Land use mix and activity density respectively decrease and increase the frequency of ridehailing. The results also confirm that individuals who frequently use smartphone apps to manage other aspects of their travel (e.g. to select a route or check traffic) are more likely to adopt ridehailing and use it more often. This is also true for long-distance travelers, in particular, those who frequently travel by plane for leisure purposes. Individuals with higher willingness to pay to reduce their travel time use ridehailing more often. Those with stronger preferences to own a personal vehicle and those with stronger concerns about the safety/security of ridehailing are less likely to be frequent users. These results provide new insights into the adoption and use of ridehailing that could help to inform planning and forecasting efforts.".
• 01GJE4YWM2ZC1W3JVPQKEYWTJA abstract "Long-distance travel research is limited because of the lack of robust data and the complexity of defining a long-distance trip. The patterns of infrequent long-distance trips are poorly understood especially compared with the better studied (and understood) local daily travel patterns. This study contributes to filling that gap by investigating the factors that affect the frequency of long-distance trips of Californian millennials (18-34 years old, in 2015) and members of the preceding Generation X (35-50 years old, in 2015). Data collected with an online survey administered in fall 2015 are used to study the mobility of these age groups. The survey collected information on several travel-related variables, including the number of long-distance trips (defined as trips longer than 100 miles, one way) made by various modes during the previous 12 months. The authors estimate six negative binomial regression models of long-distance travel separated by purpose (business or leisure) and mode (overall travel versus air). The study explores the relationship of long-distance trip formation with several sociodemographic, land use, and attitudinal variables. Consistent with expectations, individual income positively affects the number of long-distance trips made by each individual. Among the attitudinal variables, the individuals who are adventurers, have higher "variety seeking" attitudes and are more interested in adopting new technologies are found to make a larger number of long-distance trips. However, those who prefer to shop in brick-and-mortar stores rather than online are found to have lower levels of long-distance travel.".
• 01GJE4ZN7DGBADAP4FYEXMQ9BZ abstract "Emerging transportation services are quickly changing the way individuals travel by expanding the set of transportation alternatives available for a trip, allowing for more flexibility in travel schedules and providing access to transportation without incurring the costs of auto ownership. Among the most controversial and rapidly growing shared-mobility services are ridehailing services, such as those offered by Uber and Lyft in the U.S. market. In this paper, we investigate the factors affecting the adoption of ridehailing through the estimation of a latent-class adoption model that captures the heterogeneity in individuals' tastes and preferences, focusing on members of the millennial generation and the preceding Generation X. We present a 3-class adoption model that provides better goodness of fit and interpretability of the classes compared to other model specifications that were tested. The three distinct classes have expected sample shares of 28%, 34% and 38%, respectively, and can be characterized as follows: (1) a class that is largely composed of more highly-educated, independent (i.e. who have already established their household) millennials, who has the highest adoption rate. Among other factors, the adoption of ridehailing services for the members of this class is influenced by the frequency of long-distance leisure and business-related trips made by non-car modes. The adoption of ridehailing among the members of this group is higher if they live in high-quality transit neighborhoods. (2) The second highest adoption rate is observed among the members of the class that is mainly composed of affluent individuals living with their families who are either dependent millennials or older members of Generation X. The frequency of use of transportation-related smartphone apps and the share of long-distance leisure trips made by plane affect the adoption of ridehailing for the members of this class. The members of this class also tend to adopt ridehailing if they live in neighborhoods with higher land-use mix and if they have used taxi services within the past 12 months. (3) Finally, the lowest adoption rate is observed among the members of the last class, comprising the least affluent individuals with the lowest level of education. The members of this class are more likely to live in rural neighborhoods and they rarely use ridehailing. The adoption of ridehailing among the members of this class is affected by household income, the frequency of long-distance non-car business trips, and transit accessibility as well as the use of taxi and of caisharing.".
• 01GJE50ES2514ANYQQ6CPQF4CG abstract "Automated driving technologies are currently penetrating the market, and the coming fully autonomous cars will have far-reaching, yet largely unknown, implications. A critical unknown is the impact on traveler behavior, which in turn impacts sustainability, the economy, and wellbeing. Most behavioral studies, to date, either focus on safety and human factors (driving simulators; test beds), assume travel behavior implications (microsimulators; network analysis), or ask about hypothetical scenarios that are unfamiliar to the subjects (stated preference studies). Here we present a different approach, which is to use a naturalistic experiment to project people into a world of self-driving cars. We mimic potential life with a privately-owned self-driving vehicle by providing 60 h of free chauffeur service for each participating household for use within a 7-day period. We seek to understand the changes in travel behavior as the subjects adjust their travel and activities during the chauffeur week when, as in a self-driving vehicle, they are explicitly relieved of the driving task. In this first pilot application, our sample consisted of 13 subjects from the San Francisco Bay area, drawn from three cohorts: millennials, families, and retirees. We tracked each subject's travel for 3 weeks (the chauffeur week, 1 week before and 1 week after) and conducted surveys and interviews. During the chauffeur week, we observed sizable increases in vehicle-miles traveled and number of trips, with a more pronounced increase in trips made in the evening and for longer distances and a substantial proportion of "zero-occupancy" vehicle-miles traveled.".
• 01GJE5178Z03EX5WEEW2CSQK4M abstract "On-demand ride services, such as those offered by Uber and Lyft, are transforming transportation supply and demand in many ways. As the popularity and visibility of Uber/Lyft grow, an understanding of the factors affecting the use of these services becomes more important. In this paper, we investigate the factors affecting the adoption of on-demand ride services among millennials (i.e. young adults born between 1981 and 1997), and members of the preceding Generation X (i.e. middle-aged adults born between 1965 and 1980) in California. We estimate binary logic models of the adoption of Uber/Lyft with and without the inclusion of attitudinal variables, using the California Millennials Dataset (N = 1975). The results are consistent across models: we find that highly educated, older millennials are more likely to use on-demand ride services than other groups. We also find that greater land-use mix and regional accessibility by car are associated with greater likelihood of adopting on-demand ride services. Respondents who report higher numbers of long-distance business trips and have a higher share of long-distance trips made by plane are also more likely to have used these services, as are frequent users of smartphone transportation-related apps, and those who have previously used taxi and carsharing services. Among various attitudinal factors that were investigated, individuals with stronger pro-environmental, technology-embracing, and variety-seeking attitudes are more inclined to use ridehailing. These findings provide a starting point for efforts to forecast the adoption of on-demand services and their impacts on overall travel patterns across various regions and sociodemographics.".
• 01GJE5206AX3H94SPEMGHB81K3 abstract "Transportation is changing at an unprecedented pace. New transportation options provided by shared mobility providers are expanding the set of travel alternatives and they account for an increasing percentage of total trips. In particular, ridehailing services, such as those provided by Uber and Lyft, have become a popular option for trips in cities and metropolitan areas of North America. Understanding the impacts of these mobility services on the use of other travel modes and other components of travel behavior is not easy. In this chapter, we analyze the use of ridehailing using data from the California Millennials Dataset, a rich dataset that contains information on individual attitudes, residential location, vehicle ownership, travel behavior and the adoption of emerging transportation services from approximately 2000 millennials and members of the preceding Generation X in California. We find that users of ridehailing are predominantly well-educated independent millennials or young Gen Xers, who do not have children and live in urban neighborhoods. These travelers also tend to use ridehailing more frequently. Suburban residents who live with their families are less likely to use Uber/Lyft frequently, though their likelihood of using ridehailing increases if they make long-distance trips by plane. We find that single-user ridehailing replaces the use of public transit, walking and bicycling, and, to some extent, the use of a private vehicle. Only a minority of travelers increases public transportation use, e.g., through using ridehailing for first-/last-mile access to public transportation terminals. Based on the results from this research, we urge planners and policy makers to regulate these services to maximize societal benefits through a combination of pricing and other policies that lead to the integration of ridehailing with other transportation options, expand travel options for those that do not own a car, increase the shared used of vehicles, and support the use of public transportation and active travel modes.".
• 01GJF0BVTFBWWAY38SWR4TWR0J abstract "We report an exceptional case of an undifferentiated round and spindle cell sarcoma, occurring in the periprostatic region of a 54-year-old male, with a `high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma-like' (HG-ESS) morphology and harboring a ZC3H7B::BCOR gene fusion identified by RNA-based next-generation sequencing. In this report, we describe the striking overlap of morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of this current case and previously reported similar cases with ZC3H7B::BCOR fusion-positive HG-ESS, and discuss the differential diagnosis and possible pathogenesis of this unusual entity.".
• 01GJF0XZQA7JWDST6E1QDT5QEG abstract "Simple Summary While the mouse is without doubt the most studied animal for experimental cancer research, aquatic vertebrates such as zebrafish have also contributed to the field. More recently, thanks to the Nobel-prize winning technology of CRISPR/Cas mediated genomic engineering, the frog Xenopus tropicalis has emerged as an additional powerful model for studying human cancer. Via CRISPR-mediated genome editing, several models for different human cancers have been obtained in this animal. However, what has been lacking in Xenopus is the possibility to transplant tumor cells between different frogs. This is important to allow better characterization of the tumor cells and exploration of therapeutic opportunities. In this paper, we describe the generation of a genetic mutant in Xenopus tropicalis that has a compromised immune system, thereby allowing the grafting and expansion of tumors obtained in this species. In addition, an optimized protocol is provided for the irradiation of wild-type Xenopus frogs that subsequently are temporarily immunocompromised and during that period allow tumor engraftment. This work will expand the toolbox for modeling human cancer in Xenopus tropicalis, thereby further establishing it as a powerful experimental cancer model. Modeling human genetic diseases and cancer in lab animals has been greatly aided by the emergence of genetic engineering tools such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9. We have previously demonstrated the ease with which genetically engineered Xenopus models (GEXM) can be generated via injection of early embryos with Cas9 recombinant protein loaded with sgRNAs targeting single or multiple tumor suppressor genes. What has been lacking so far is the possibility to propagate and characterize the induced cancers via transplantation. Here, we describe the generation of a rag2 knockout line in Xenopus tropicalis that is deficient in functional T and B cells. This line was validated by means of allografting experiments with primary tp53(-/-) and apc(+/-)/tp53(-/-) donor tumors. In addition, we optimized available protocols for the sub-lethal irradiation of wild-type X. tropicalis froglets. Irradiated animals also allowed the stable, albeit transient, engraftment of transplanted X. tropicalis tumor cells. The novel rag2(-/-) line and the irradiated wild-type froglets will further expand the experimental toolbox in the diploid amphibian X. tropicalis and help to establish it as a versatile and relevant model for exploring human cancer.".
• 01GJF5DRRRAEV0ZYX1ZX4MCXRS abstract "Objective: Peripheral blood pressure (BP) waveforms are used for noninvasive central BP estimation. Central BP could assist in cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, correct calibration of peripheral BP waveforms is important to accurately estimate central BP. We examined differences in central BP estimated by radial artery tonometry depending on which brachial BP (SBP/DBP vs. MAP/DBP) is used for calibration of the radial waveforms, for the first time in T1DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study in T1DM patients without known cardiovascular disease. Radial artery BP waveforms were acquired using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) for the estimation of central SBP, central pulse pressure (PP) and central augmentation pressure, using either brachial SBP/DBP or MAP/DBP for the calibration of the radial pressure waveforms. Results: Fifty-four patients (age: 46 ± 9.5 years; T1DM duration: 27 ± 8.8 years) were evaluated. Central BP parameters were significantly higher when brachial MAP/DBP-calibration was used compared with brachial SBP/DBP-calibration (7.5 ± 5.04, 7.5 ± 5.04 and 1.5 ± 1.36 mmHg higher central SBP, central PP and central augmentation pressure, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with T1DM, there are significant differences in central BP values estimated with radial artery tonometry, depending on the method used for calibration of the radial waveforms. Brachial MAP/DBP-calibration resulted in consistently higher central BP as compared to using brachial SBP/DBP, leading to patient re-stratification. Hence, the accuracy of noninvasive estimation of central BP by radial tonometry is dependent on calibration approach, and this problem must be resolved in validation studies using an invasive reference standard to determine which method best estimates true central BP.".
• 01GJF5S3SEJMPFSJ62R3FC53K0 abstract "Lignin is a promising biopolymer to serve as a sustainable resource for a multitude of applications (e.g., thermoset materials, production of bulk chemicals) thereby substituting fossil-based carbon sources. In this work, the reductive depolymerization of Kraft lignin (KL) was studied in ethanol/water aided by formic acid (FA) as the way forward to valorize lignin. The effect of various process conditions was elucidated using P-31-NMR, pH, GPC, CHNSO, GC-MS and 2D-LC analyses. It is found that the addition of a small amount of FA (3.6 vol%) is beneficial for obtaining smaller lignin fragments with more phenolic OH (PhOH) functionalities upon depolymerization at 250 degrees C for 8 h. Besides, a higher FA concentration causes acid catalyzed lignin repolymerization and a longer reaction time results in only a limited reduction in molecular weight of the obtained lignin fragments. The addition of a supported Pd catalyst leads to a more pronounced depolymerization (smaller lignin fragments with more PhOH functionalities) as well as a stronger decrease in oxygen and sulfur content. Furthermore, several experiments and multiple analysis techniques support the hypothesis that FA acts as H-2 donor under the investigated conditions in this study. In conclusion, KL (M-W similar to 16,436 g mol(-1) and 3.31 mmol g(-1) PhOH) was successfully depolymerized into a low molecular weight lignin (M-W similar to 3250 g mol(-1)) with more PhOH functionalities (5.29 mmol g(-1)).".
• 01GJF6029Y2ZT3C84T4H6MER79 abstract "Throughout history, salt was a highly sought-after commodity in society that played an essential role in cooking, craft and ritual activities. From the beginning of the twentieth century, pré- and early historical salt production sites have been discovered in the coastal areas of northern Gaul. This paper provides an overview of old and newly discovered salt production sites along the Belgian, French and Dutch coastal wetlands and discusses their geographical distribution and development from the early Iron Age until the late Roman period in northern Gaul. Indeed, in these rich ecological diverse landscapes, distinct salt production landscapes emerged that shifted in location through time due to the landscape, the socio-economic and socio-political context and the application of new production mechanisms. The succession of these production areas was closely linked to local elites who seem to have benefitted the most from the economic output and were either directly or indirectly involved in the production process. Both during the late Iron Age as well as in Roman times, technological developments pushed salt production in northern Gaul to unprecedented levels to meet the ever increasing local and regional salt demand.".
• 01GJF7PNZSXX5JTJNKGV27FJAB abstract "Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects several billion people worldwide and can cause life-threatening herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in some patients. Monogenic defects in components of the type I interferon system have been identified in patients with HSE, emphasizing the role of inborn errors of immunity underlying HSE pathogenesis. Here, we identify compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene GTF3A encoding for transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), a component of the RNA polymerase III complex, in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency and HSE. Patient fibroblasts and GTF3A gene–edited cells displayed impaired HSV-1–induced innate immune responses and enhanced HSV-1 replication. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identified the 5S ribosomal RNA pseudogene 141 (RNA5SP141), an endogenous ligand of the RNA sensor RIG-I, as a transcriptional target of TFIIIA. GTF3A mutant cells exhibited diminished RNA5SP141 expression and abrogated RIG-I activation upon HSV-1 infection. Our work unveils a crucial role for TFIIIA in transcriptional regulation of a cellular RIG-I agonist and shows that GTF3A genetic defects lead to impaired cell-intrinsic anti–HSV-1 responses and can predispose to HSE.".
• 01GJF7R5GMY1JZ3YQWHHKTYJAJ abstract "Balanslezen voor de niet-financiële professional is er voor iedereen die niet over een uitgebreide boekhoudkundige kennis beschikt, maar toch wil weten hoe het staat met de financiële gezondheid van een onderneming. Wat betekent het voor een onderneming om financieel gezond te zijn en hoe kan je dit afleiden uit de jaarrekening? De jaarrekening vormt hiervoor immers hét instrument bij uitstek. De jaarrekening omvat de balans (met aanwendingen en bronnen van vermogen), de resultatenrekening met een overzicht van de opbrengsten en kosten, en de resultaatverwerking, die ons leert wat de onderneming op het einde van het boekjaar precies doet met het resultaat (winst of verlies). Dit boek is bedoeld voor een specifiek doelpubliek, nl.namelijk voor de niet- financiële specialist. Bedoeling is om de basis van boekhouden mee te geven, zodat de lezer op een efficiënte manier een algemeen beeld krijgt van wat de jaarrekening inhoudt. Het is dan ook een boek dat eerder".
• 01GJF8848D2STEDXYQF3HQD104 abstract "In this work, a reinforced concrete slab bridge (instrumented and tested in 2018) is investigated. Based on field data, a finite element model of the bridge is calibrated. Model selection is performed both based on log evidence and posterior predictive capabilities. It is investigated if the models selected based on the log evidence also induce the most accurate posterior predictions. The influence of different assumptions on modelling the spatial distribution of the stiffness and different possible suggestions on how to include prediction errors and model bias are investigated. Comparing the conclusions based on log evidence and posterior predictions, only using the log evidence for model selection could be debated. Models performing best when considering the log evidence led to the least accurate posterior predictions, and models rejected based on the log evidence could still have good predictive capabilities. Considering the different model classes, introducing spatial variation of the stiffness leads to a posterior prediction closer to the measurements. Introducing a global model bias leads to a better match between predictions and measurements compared to not including this model bias. Even better posterior predictions are achieved if this model bias is quantified locally for the different considered datapoints.".
• 01GJFANB71N9XZ4XX6HYW2HAPK abstract "Discussions on citizenship always reflect broader political debates on the desired moral fabrics of a society. Evolving from a merely national subject, questions on children and young people’s citizenship and citizenship education have over the past decades gained interest in European policy. Through a thematical-rhetorical analysis of European policy documents, this article engages in the European moral-political discussion on good citizenship and citizenship education for children and young people. The study shows that European conceptions of good citizenship and citizenship education fluctuate over time, responding to major societal crises. Focusing on the future of European society, European policy seems to project contemporary societal concerns onto children and young people’s desired forms of citizenship, endorsing the idea of children as citizens-in-the-making. Overall, European policy adopts a highly depoliticised perspective to citizenship that risks constricting, rather than enabling, the actual democratic citizenship of children and young people.".
• 01GJFBCPHT2QZ85VP81RZN3TA5 abstract "In the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E> 1 EeV) populating the Universe, both past (RICE, AURA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA, ARA and TAROGE-M) polar-sited experiments exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by neutrino interactions. In such experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously identified above backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we consider the possibility that 'fake' neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the `triboelectric effect' This broadly describes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production of an electrostatic potential difference AV. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge. Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic MHz-GHz frequencies. Using data from various past (RICE, AURA, SATRA, ANITA) and current (RNO G, ARIANNA and ARA) neutrino experiments, we find evidence for such backgrounds, which are generally characterized by: (a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental trigger criteria and layout; for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), (b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100-200 MHz), (c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded.".
• 01GJFBXSP9HGM2SV0P7N18AP4M abstract "Achieving net zero emissions has rapidly become the dominant long-term objective guiding national climate policies. At the end of 2018, only 24 countries were considering or had adopted long-term net zero targets. By the end of 2021, this had climbed to almost 150 countries, covering 89 per cent of global carbon emissions. In this article, we trace the origins and diffusion of net zero pledges through the lens of international norm theory. Drawing on a newly compiled database of national net zero targets, our analysis highlights the critical role played by climate scientists, transnational advocacy networks, and norm entrepreneurs in articulating the norm of net zero emissions. The IPCC's fifth assessment report was foundational, by introducing the concept of a cumulative carbon budget, allowing translation of abstract temperature goals into more actionable net zero targets. The norm of net zero has been institutionalised at the global political level in the period 2015–2018 and cascaded through the international system in 2019–2020. Yet, it remains subject to various forms of contestation, most notably regarding validity, fairness, scope, and implementation. The norm is now at a critical stage in its lifecycle that will decide whether it gets institutionalised or suffers backsliding and even erosion.".
• 01GJFC64MV30G1WB8PAZ8KW0VS abstract "This dataset gives an overview of national net zero (or adjacent) targets. There is a specific focus on participation in global governance (e.g. specific check of submitted NDC's) The dataset provides the following data points: Name of the country (in full) Country ISO3 code End target description (e.g. Net zero, carbon neutral(ity), Ecosystem neutral, etc. End target year (e.g. net zero by 2050 > 2050) End target status: Achieved (self-declared) In law In policy document (e.g. NDC or INDC, government plans, ...) Declaration / pledge (e.g. target announcement in a press release, ...) Proposed / in discussion (e.g. countries stating they are considering a target or a pledge with an alliance/initiative) Date of the status (for legislation: the moment it takes into effect) Text of the target Notes on the target Source URL(s) Source of the data entry Year the entry relates to".
• 01GJFCDKSH178542MDFB2HE5BZ abstract "A collection of searches on the ProQuest Central Database to gain insight in the presence of climate norms in English media. The metadata provided contains: ID used in the search file Category of the climate norm or general query The date the query was ran - different updates of the ProQuest databases may yield slightly different results The full query. Note that the year changes for each different 'year' entry, hence the 'XXXX' placeholder in the queries The specific ProQuest database called for the query Short descriptors of the query, e.g. for use in graphs Longer, more detailed descriptors of the query".
• 01GJFCWCYB0CC2YCG1HX4C6BK6 abstract "Over the recent years, we have entered a true bio-revolution. By employing micro-organisms or enzymes in sustainable bioprocesses, industrial biotechnology has shown its key role in solving today’s social, economic, and environmental issues. However, the transformation and optimization of natural organisms into highly efficient microbial cell factories is still a slow and tedious process due to the complexity of the microbial metabolism and the lack of high-throughput screening methods. To tackle these issues, transcription factor-based regulatory systems can be reprogrammed into so-called biosensors. Their ability to monitor internal and external processes, and in turn activate appropriate responses, allows for an acceleration in the development of microbial cell factories. These biosensors enable the cells to react directly on the sensed input of choice and offer a way of communication with micro-organisms, allowing us to reach a deeper understanding of what is happening in the cell. To access this rich source of knowledge, we need a vast repertoire of biosensors and their parts. However, current progress in the field of biosensors is often made on an individual basis, where a single transcription factor is characterized and transformed into a single-purpose biosensor circuit. The aim of this research is to reach high-throughput biosensor construction for the sensing of any compound that is desired, and to gain more information on the behavior of transcription factors in their new, biosensor-related circuit context, as well as establishing engineering opportunities and rules.".
• 01GJFD7JT9RFWXY6HQC08ED5TT abstract "Over the recent years, we have entered a true bio-revolution. By employing micro-organisms or enzymes in sustainable bioprocesses, industrial biotechnology has shown its key role in solving today’s social, economic, and environmental issues. However, the transformation of natural organisms into highly efficient microbial cell factories is still a slow and tedious process due to the complexity of their metabolism and the lack of high-throughput screening methods. To tackle these issues, transcription factor-based systems can be reprogrammed into so-called biosensors. Their ability to monitor internal and external processes, and in turn dynamically regulate appropriate cellular responses, such as metabolic pathways or easy-to-screen outputs, allows for an acceleration in the development of microbial cell factories. To fully exploit these tools and unlock the detection of any molecule of interest, the currently limited biosensor repertoire has to be expanded greatly. However, current progress in the field is made on an individual basis, where a single transcription factor is characterized and transformed into a singlepurpose biosensor circuit. The aim of this research is to reach high-throughput biosensor construction and characterization for the sensing of any desired compound, and to gain more information on transcription factors in their new, biosensor-related circuit context, as well as establishing engineering opportunities and rules.".
• 01GJFDSWRW1WZMSTB9W0G723VM abstract "Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) is a great full-field measurement technique for guided waves’ based SHM and NDT. However, the required time and effort for scanning large structural components, and the need for accessing the entire surface, limits its industrial application. To tackle this limitation, a novel wave processing algorithm, “local wave-direction estimation (LWDE)”, is introduced for localization of damage by only partially scanning the surface of a component. LWDE is a baseline-free imag-ing method which is based on the presence of nonlinear guided waves originat-ing from the damage location. Angular bandpass filters are applied and the local nonlinear wave direction is estimated as the trajectory along which nonlinear wave energy is the highest. The local wave direction map is then converted to an error map which indicates the damage locations (i.e. sources of nonlinear re-sponse) as local minima. The performance of LWDE is demonstrated on an aircraft composite plate with a disbond at one of the backside stiffeners. It is shown how the technique can be used for localization of the disbonded area without any prior information about material properties and layup, even when the disbond is not in the field-of-view of the SLDV measurement area.".
• 01GJFE2DM97WGZR6B0ZSMZCD0G abstract "Colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) are unique systems to study two-dimensional excitons and excitonic complexes. However, while absorption and emission of photons through exciton formation and recombination have been extensively quantified, few studies have addressed the exciton-biexciton transition. Here, we use cross-polarized pump- probe spectroscopy to measure the absorption coefficient spectrum of this transition and determine the biexciton oscillator strength (fBX). We show that fBX is independent of the NPL area and that the concomitant biexciton area (SBX) agrees with predictions of a short-range interaction model. Moreover, we show that fBX is comparable to the oscillator strength of forming localized excitons at room temperature while being unaffected itself by center-of-mass localization. These results confirm the relevance of biexcitons for light-matter interaction in NPLs. Moreover, the quantification of the exciton-biexciton transition introduced here will enable researchers to rank 2D materials by the strength of this transition and to compare experimental results with theoretical predictions.".
• 01GJFEREHPPZX3WKGFJWRR61RS abstract "The study 'Moving to Belgium as an EU citizen' points out a number of shortcomings in the registration formalities of EU citizens in the municipality. It contains recommendations to guarantee the free movement of EU workers, self-employed persons and jobseekers and their families. The researchers believe that a revision of the registration formalities appears necessary and opportune with the new migration code in prospect. They also regret that although the citizenship directive has generally been transposed into Belgian law, there are still problems that should be addressed. The study results show that the registration process sometimes works differently in different municipalities and regions. As a result, applicants have to submit different documents depending on where they are applying to register. The study also showed that not all municipalities surveyed allow all categories of family members of EU citizens to register. The researchers therefore recommend that the GEMCOM instructions (instructions the Immigration Office gives to the municipalities) be adapted so that they are uniform and fully compliant with current legislation and case law. Making these instructions public would also contribute to transparency and legal certainty. Training for administrative staff in the registration of family members of EU citizens is a must. It was also found that the municipalities do not disseminate enough information about the registration process on their websites. The researchers recommend the development of a central website with complete and accurate information on the registration procedure for EU citizens and their family members in several languages. The website of the Immigration Office could serve this purpose. The study also showed that municipalities want more support from the Immigration Office. It is recommended to invest in digital communication between the municipalities and the Immigration Office to facilitate such exchange. Myria was appointed as the monitoring body for Directive 2014/54. This directive contains measures to facilitate the exercise of the rights granted to workers in the context of the free movement of workers. One of the tasks as a monitoring body is to carry out or commission independent research and analysis. In this context, Myria commissioned this study. The study was realised by a consortium consisting of Fragomen, the University of Kent and UGent. The research team consisted of Roos-Marie van den Bogaard (University of Kent / UGent), Jo Antoons, Pauline Chomel, Ana Correia Horta, Andreia Ghimis and Wout Van Doren (Fragomen), Harm Schepel and Anthony Valcke (the University of Kent) and Ellen Desmet (UGent).".
• 01GJFF6HD3V55FDBMAA2E5DPMG abstract "The shock of the First World War resulted in a range of initiatives that, on the artistic level, radically called into question a number of fundamental concepts. While the function of new art was a topic that was discussed in different European countries, the international orientation of each national art differed from country to country. In Belgium, this was a complex issue. Notions such as ‘literature’ and especially ‘internationalism’ became the subject of a harsh battle for definition that was carried out in several literary and artistic magazines. In this article, I look at how these terms were defined within the artistic group surrounding the Brussels magazine L’Art libre (1919–22). I will give a general definition of internationalism in order to then elaborate the extent to which it may come into conflict with a focus on local, Flemish reality. As a social entity, Flanders did indeed fit into the internationalist program to recognize suppressed nations. Yet as an artistic entity, its existence was more problematically situated within a tendency for ever-increasing artistic internationalization. My analysis will show a number of discursive and argumentative strategies used by writers and critics in order to legitimate the idea of ‘Flanders’, both as a literary and as a social entity.".
• 01GJFF94GS1T8WW1MZKH5093N8 abstract "La question sera d’abord abordée à partir d’une analyse de la place du français dans la première période de l’oeuvre littéraire de Leonard Cohen (1950-1967). Elle s’appuiera sur l’analyse d’une nouvelle inédite (sans titre) qui sera comparée au roman Beautiful Losers (1966). Au-delà de la place occupée par Cohen dans une discussion sur le bilinguisme canadien, la confrontation de plusieurs systèmes linguistiques montrera ensuite le caractère factice de ces systèmes et la recherche subséquente d’un mode de communication alternatif et plus authentique. En plus d’une analyse discursive, l’article vise un but historiographique dans la mesure où les liens de Cohen avec les milieux francophones des années 1960 seront explicités grâce à la découverte de matériaux inédits.".
• 01GJFF94GS1T8WW1MZKH5093N8 abstract "This question is tackled by means of an analysis of the status of the French language in the first period of Cohen’s literary work (1950-1967). This analysis is based on the study of an unpublished and untitled short story by Cohen which will be compared to his 1966 novel Beautiful Losers. Beyond the specific discussion on Canadian bilingualism, the confrontation of several linguistic systems will show the artificial character of these systems and the subsequent search for an alternative and more authentic means of communication. In addition to discursive analysis, this article adopts a historiographical approach. Cohen’s relationships with the Francophone communities of the 1960’s will be explained through unpublished materials.".
• 01GJFFPE1RYGQCJEZC37WWBHH1 abstract "Moving as a French or Dutch citizen to Belgium should be easy, given the freedom of movement of EU citizens. Reality paints a different picture, however. This paper analyses the practices of Belgian municipalities and the Immigration Office as to the registration of EU workers, self-employed, jobseekers and their family members. It is based on a desk study, a survey among a sample of municipalities as well as semi-structured interviews with municipal officials, the Immigration Office and other stakeholders. The paper adopts a legal understanding of 'procedural justice', focusing on dimensions of equal treatment and transparency. It shows that the achievement of procedural justice for EU citizens is impaired by divergent and at times questionable practices by street-level bureaucrats. These practices indicate, among others, that varying levels of 'deservingness' of residence in Belgium can be observed within the category of mobile EU workers. Furthermore, increased digitalization and the use of intermediaries in the registration procedure facilitate and reinforce differential treatments among EU citizens and their family members.".
• 01GJFHMQ0TRFARVTSBY6MQPY49 abstract "The increase in trading frequency of Exchanged Traded Funds (ETFs) presents a positive externality for financial risk management when the price of the ETF is available at a higher frequency than the price of the component stocks. The positive spillover consists in improving the accuracy of pre-estimators of the integrated covariance of the stocks included in the ETF basket. The proposed ETF Basket-Adjusted Covariance (BAC) equals the pre-estimator plus a minimal adjustment matrix such that the covariance-implied stock-ETF covariation equals a target value. We focus on a truncated pre-averaged version of the (Hayashi and Yoshida, 2005) pre-estimator and derive the asymptotic properties of its implied stock-ETF covariation. The simulation study confirms that the accuracy gains are substantial in all cases considered. In the empirical part of the paper, we show the gains in tracking error efficiency when using the BAC adjustment to construct portfolios that replicate a broad index using a subset of stocks.".
• 01GJFJSJEQY6HPFFRR5ZDN88YV abstract "Publicly available example datasets converted to BIDS to exemplify ASL cases.".
• 01GJFKJSQQPFXPJ0S0FG929ZMG abstract "Dans cet article, je regarderai de plus près la « signification » d’une revue, au double sens du mot : d’une part l’interprétation « interne », d’autre part l’impact « externe ». Pour ce qui est de l’interprétation de la revue, deux écueils doivent être évités. Tout d’abord, le discours de la revue s’inscrit dans deux logiques différentes : celle de la ligne de la revue même et celle des auteurs individuels. Ces logiques constituent deux cadres de référence différents au sein desquels un texte peut être lu. Secundo, il faut tenir compte du fait que la revue ne fonctionne pas comme miroir neutre de la réalité, mais qu’elle possède une dynamique propre. Pour la détermination de l’impact, on part du modèle de réseaux, auquel il faut ajouter un certain « relief » afin de mettre à nu l’impact des différentes revues. Plus spécifiquement, le concept de croyance sera examiné en détail. La croyance fonctionne comme agent de liaison et tient le réseau ensemble. Ceci sera illustré à l’aide de la revue belge L’art libre (1919-1922).".
• 01GJFKNKHQ1K6Y2G8MQT1Q6KS2 abstract "Sentence-level stress is one of the major means of expressing information focus in oral speaking, and it is of importance for Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) learners to accurately receive and send the right information in conversation. However, research related to teaching stress, especially sentence-level stress, is indeed scarce. In this study, we investigate whether video self-modeling (VSM) is applicable to improve CFL students’ sentence-level stress. VSM, as an innovative strategy, only shows the positive targeted behavior by using videos or audios of oneself, and aims to decrease students’ frustration and the negative influence caused by failed accomplishments. Twelve beginning-level CFL students, taken as the experimental group, received the edited perfect pronunciation audios with their own voice and used these own-voice audios to train their sentence-level stress. At the same time, another twelve advanced-level CFL students were taken as the control group, and received traditional instructional strategies from their class teacher. The whole training continued for ten sessions during a period of two and half months. Quantitative results show that with the help of VSM, CFL students’ sentence-level stress improved significantly as compared to the control group, with increased scores on the pronunciation of sentence-level stress words and increased scores in all three parameters: pitch, intensity, and duration. A post-training survey revealed that the participants’ preference for using their own voice as instructional material resulted in a feeling of success and satisfaction. The findings corroborate the importance of computer-assisted language learning in the second language (L2) field, and add solid evidence of using VSM in foreign-language training.".
• 01GJFNVQ71HMPN6C3AWTG5DZ4W abstract "The kinetics of the ethyl acetate synthesis by direct addition of acetic acid to ethylene on an industrial silicotungstic acid catalyst have been acquired experimentally by systematically varying the operating conditions. This is essential to assess the effects of the operating conditions on reactant conversions, selectivity towards the main product ethyl acetate and side products, i.e. ethanol and diethyl ether. Conversions benefit from increasing reaction temperature and ethylene concentration and from reducing pressure, acetic acid and water concentrations. Higher acetic acid and lower water concentrations are advantageous for the ethyl acetate selectivity, which is not altered by temperature, pressure and ethylene concentration. Present work is the first publication of experimental kinetics data of this reaction on an industrial catalyst, which is essential to provide qualitative insights in the reaction kinetics, improve understanding and, hence, serve the optimization and innovation of ethyl acetate production plants that apply the direct addition technology.".
• 01GJFP2GAT760V84CGW7PHG9AC abstract "The development of a performant aminated catalyst for aldol condensations requires the combined tuning of the active site, support and solvent system. For this purpose, a pyrrolidine group was immobilized on a swellable polymer resin. Favorable interactions between the support and water (in its role as solvent) resulted in a turnover frequency (TOF) amounting to 3.0 ± 1.5 × 10−3 s−1, despite potential inhibition of the active sites by formation of iminium species. The affinity of the solvent for the poly[(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] support resulted in efficient swelling of the catalytic material, which was shown to be key to the observed catalytic performance.".
• 01GJFP2RPAREKVS3N6VGJ8N1BG abstract "De tijdsopvattingen die terug te vinden zijn in de geschreven bronnen van de Vlaamse middeleeuwse havensteden Nieuwpoort en Mude (nu Sint Anna ter Muiden) getuigen van de sterke invloed van het landschap op de mens. De twee havensteden en hun inwoners waren onmiskenbaar afgestemd op het ritme van de zee, door hun unieke ligging aan een getijdengeul waarvan ze voor hun levensonderhoud afhankelijk waren. In Mude en Nieuwpoort kwam het ritme van de zee tot uiting in het gebruik van het getij als tijdseenheid voor de korte termijn en van het haringseizoen, 'teilt' of 'reyze' genoemd, voor de lange termijn. Een confrontatie tussen de geschreven bronnen van beide havensteden toont echter aan dat de keuze van de ingezette tijdsconcepten afhing van de gedocumenteerde activiteit, het perspectief van tijdsberekening (verleden, toekomst) en de consument van de tijdsconcepten. Deze tijdconcepten waren een mix van harde tijdseenheden die universeel in Noord-Europa worden gebruikt - zoals jaar, maand en dag - en van zachte eenheden die sterk verbonden waren met de culturele en landschappelijke context van de havens. Historici zijn geneigd het gebruik van harde eenheden te zien als een indicator van voortschrijdende beschaving, moderniteit en verstedelijking, en het gebruik van zachte eenheden als een teken van achterlijkheid, isolement en landelijkheid. Wat de middeleeuwse Vlaamse kust betreft, moet dit in vraag worden gesteld. De gemeenschappen in het Vlaamse maritieme landschap waren knooppunten van connectiviteit tussen vissers en zeelieden van binnen en buiten het graafschap Vlaanderen. Zowel lokale bewoners als buitenlanders begrepen heel goed wat er werd bedoeld met zachte tijdseenheden als 'getijde' of 'teilt', wat ze tot universele concepten maakte.".
• 01GJFPR931D1891SE9WXRPCXJM abstract "Since the discovery of this naturally occurring endogenous regulatory and defence mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi) has been exploited as a powerful tool for functional genomic research. In addition, it has evolved as a promising candidate for a sustainable, specific and ecofriendly strategy for pest management and plant improvement. A key element in this technology is the efficient delivery of dsRNAs into the pest or plant tissues. While several examples using transgenic plants expressing the dsRNAs have proved the potential of this technology, nontransgenic approaches are investigated as alternatives, allowing flexibility and circumventing technical limitations of the transgenic approach. However, the efficacy of environmental RNAi is affected by several barriers, such as extracellular degradation of the dsRNA, inefficient internalization of the dsRNA in the cell and low endosomal escape into the cytoplasm, resulting in variable or low RNAi responses. In the medical field, carrier systems are commonly used to enhance RNA delivery and these systems are being rapidly adopted by the agricultural industry. Using four case studies, this chapter demonstrates the potential of carriers to improve the RNAi response in pest control for aquatic-living mosquito larvae and RNAi-resilient Lepidoptera and to cross the plant cell wall, allowing efficient environmental RNAi in plants.".
• 01GJFRC06AXV48WV9XVQCXEYZX abstract "Background: In addition to its role in the digestive system, the peritrophic membrane (PM) provides a physical barrier protecting the intestine from abrasion and against pathogens. Because of its sensitivity to RNA interference (RNAi), the notorious pest insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), has become a model insect for functional studies. Previously, RNAi-mediated silencing of Mannosidase-Ia (ManIa), a key enzyme in the transition from high-mannose glycan moieties to paucimannose N-glycans, was shown to disrupt the transition from larva to pupa and the metamorphosis into adult beetles. While these effects at the organismal level were interesting in a pest control context, the effects at the organ or tissue level and also immune effects have not been investigated yet. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed an analysis of the midgut and PM in ManIa-silenced insects. Results: As marked phenotype, the ManIa(RNAi) insects, the PM pore size was found to be decreased when compared to the control GFP(RNAi) insects. These smaller pores are related to the observation of thinner microvilli (Mv) on the epithelial cells of the midgut of ManIa(RNAi) insects. A midgut and PM proteome study and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis with a selection of marker genes was performed to characterize the midgut cells and understand their response to the silencing of ManIa. In agreement with the loss of ManIa activity, an accumulation of high-mannose N-glycans was observed in the ManIa-silenced insects. As a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), the presence of these glycan structures could trigger the activation of the immune pathways. Conclusion: The observed decrease in PM pore size could be a response to prevent potential pathogens to access the midgut epithelium. This hypothesis is supported by the strong increase in transcription levels of the anti-fungal peptide drosomycin-like in ManIa(RNAi) insects, although further research is required to elucidate this possibility. The potential immune response in the midgut and the smaller pore size in the PM shed a light on the function of the PM as a physical barrier and provide evidence for the relation between the Mv and PM. (C) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.".
• 01GJFRHFMEPCMYFW27TEFMMKP3 abstract "This paper looks at invective or vituperative poetry from the eleventh century. In this poetry, anger, being expressed by the person speaking, or (more often) imputed to the person attacked, plays an important role. The paper discusses the relationship between the representation of anger in these poems and the cognitive models by which humans generally perceive and express anger in their speech, through metaphor and metonymy. The study also makes use of the concept of ‘emotional communities’, proposed by Barbara Rosenwein, to describe the normative frameworks and social motivations which caused a coherent group of people to represent and value emotions in a certain way. It explores how the description (the ‘emotion-terms’) and valuation of anger in invective poetry can be an indication of social relationships, more particularly the desire to confirm or to contest social hierarchies. These poems can be partly considered as ‘anger speech’, that is to say, as a poetic speech act, sanctioned by literary tradition, which expresses a kind of anger that is represented as justified and honourable, in contrast to the anger imputed to the opponent.".
• 01GJFSEQDTTCVZVTF4X2Z06PKA abstract "Before implementing a bridge monitoring strategy, a bridge manager would like to know the return on investment. Moreover, in order to spend the available budget as efficiently as possible, the monitoring strategy should be optimized, i.e., the type of measurements but also the time and locations at which these are performed. For this purpose, the Value of Information (VoI) can be used. The VoI represents an estimate of the benefit that can be gained from a monitoring strategy before it is actually implemented. By comparing the VoI of different alternative strategies, the one with the highest VoI can be selected. As such, the VoI is a tool for objective decision-making. The calculation of the VoI is based on pre-posterior analyses, including Bayesian updating of model parameters based on yet unknown monitoring outcomes. When calculating the VoI for an actual case, some challenges arise. First, the calculation of the VoI requires a number of assumptions on different input parameters. Second, the VoI is computed by evaluating life-cycle costs for different possible outcomes of the monitoring strategy, leading to a high computational cost. However, for practical implementations, results are preferably available within an acceptable time span and are robust with respect to the chosen input parameters. In this work, the implementation of the VoI approach for optimization of monitoring strategies is investigated by a problem statement in a case study where a reinforced concrete girder bridge is considered. To perform this optimization, the VoI for different monitoring strategies is compared. The calculation time required for the Bayesian updating of the model parameters based on the available data is limited by using Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimates to approximate the posterior distribution. The VoI can be used both to optimize a monitoring strategy or for comparison of different strategies. To limit the number of required (computationally expensive) evaluations of the VoI, optimization of the monitoring strategy itself can be simplified by determining the optimal sensor locations beforehand, based on a different metric than the VoI. For this purpose, the information entropy is used, which expresses the difference between the prior and posterior uncertainty of the model parameters. Finally, the sensitivity of the VoI to different input parameters is investigated.".
• 01GJFTMVYJ35WX55RPVRWQ2W8Q abstract "Conformity control is applied in order to safeguard the quality of produced lots. Conformity criteria are characterized by an operating characteristic curve, quantifying the probability of acceptance in relation to a concrete lot with a specific quality. By applying conformity control, certain lots of concrete are accepted or rejected. This induces a filtering effect, which in case of conformity control of durability parameters leads to an effect on the design service life. For durability, limiting values for durability-related properties can be proposed. Specifying conformity criteria for the durability parameters of concrete can enable to safeguard the quality of concrete products in relation to durability. This conformity control has a filtering effect on the distribution of these durability parameters. When, for example, considering the diffusion coefficient of concrete, this filtering effect results in a lower mean value and standard deviation, consequently (positively) influencing the service life. In this paper, conformity criteria for durability parameters are developed, and their effect on the design service life of reinforced concrete elements is quantified.".
• 01GJFVZ2VA1ND4D3T8TJHPG4RS abstract "Membrane structures are widely used for various functions, although there does not exist a unified design approach as there exists for conventional buildings (partial factor framework, Eurocode). Specific for most membrane structures is that they have doubly curved shapes, they are pre-tensioned and exhibit a non-linear structural behaviour. The current article investigates an existing calibration method to obtain the partial factors to be used for the design of a typical hypar membrane structure. The reliability analysis is performed using a First Order Second Moment method in combination with Latin Hypercube Sampling. The study is performed for the load cases snow load and wind uplift load.".
• 01GJFX63ASJ5D8Y4E5CY5NMA77 abstract "Along their long propagation from production to detection, neutrinos undergo flavour conversions that convert their types or flavours(1,2). High-energy astrophysical neutrinos propagate unperturbed over a billion light years in vacuum(3) and are sensitive to small effects caused by new physics. Effects of quantum gravity4 are expected to appear at the Planck energy scale. Such a high-energy universe would have existed only immediately after the Big Bang and is inaccessible by human technologies. On the other hand, quantum gravity effects may exist in our low-energy vacuum(5-8), but are suppressed by inverse powers of the Planck energy. Measuring the coupling of particles to such small effects is difficult via kinematic observables, but could be observable through flavour conversions. Here we report a search with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, using astrophysical neutrino flavours(9,10) to search for new space-time structure. We did not find any evidence of anomalous flavour conversion in the IceCube astrophysical neutrino flavour data. We apply the most stringent limits of any known technologies, down to 10(-42) GeV-2 with Bayes factor greater than 10 on the dimension-six operators that parameterize the space-time defects. We thus unambiguously reach the parameter space of quantum-gravity-motivated physics.".
• 01GJFX63B7CVYACEPNAY2195JH abstract "The origin of astrophysical neutrinos has yet to be determined. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed astrophysical neutrinos but has not yet identified their sources. Blazars are promising source candidates, but previous searches for neutrino emission from populations of blazars detected in $\gtrsim$ GeV gamma-rays have not observed any significant neutrino excess. Recent findings in multi-messenger astronomy indicate that high-energy photons, co-produced with high-energy neutrinos, are likely to be absorbed and reemitted at lower energies. Thus, lower-energy photons may be better indicators of TeV-PeV neutrino production. This paper presents the first time-integrated stacking search for astrophysical neutrino emission from MeV-detected blazars in the first Fermi-LAT low energy catalog (1FLE) using ten years of IceCube muon-neutrino data. The results of this analysis are found to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis. Assuming an E$<^>{-2}$ neutrino spectrum and proportionality between the blazars' MeV gamma-ray fluxes and TeV-PeV neutrino flux, the upper limit on the 1FLE blazar energy-scaled neutrino flux is determined to be $1.64 \times 10<^>{-12}$ TeV cm$<^>{-2}$ s$<^>{-1}$ at 90% confidence level. This upper limit is approximately 1% of IceCube's diffuse muon-neutrino flux measurement.".
• 01GJFX63BNVJXX0R5Q1WE110G7 abstract "Galaxy clusters have the potential to accelerate cosmic rays (CRs) to ultrahigh energies via accretion shocks or embedded CR acceleration sites. The CRs with energies below the Hillas condition will be confined within the cluster and eventually interact with the intracluster medium gas to produce secondary neutrinos and gamma rays. Using 9.5 yr of muon neutrino track events from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we report the results of a stacking analysis of 1094 galaxy clusters with masses greater than or similar to 10(14) M (circle dot) and redshifts between 0.01 and similar to 1 detected by the Planck mission via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. We find no evidence for significant neutrino emission and report upper limits on the cumulative unresolved neutrino flux from massive galaxy clusters after accounting for the completeness of the catalog up to a redshift of 2, assuming three different weighting scenarios for the stacking and three different power-law spectra. Weighting the sources according to mass and distance, we set upper limits at a 90% confidence level that constrain the flux of neutrinos from massive galaxy clusters (greater than or similar to 10(14) M (circle dot)) to be no more than 4.6% of the diffuse IceCube observations at 100 TeV, assuming an unbroken E (-2.5) power-law spectrum.".
• 01GJFX63C2JE6QQK6J6YMVJTG3 abstract "The reconstruction of event-level information, such as the direction or energy of a neutrino interacting in IceCube DeepCore, is a crucial ingredient to many physics analyses. Algorithms to extract this high level information from the detector's raw data have been successfully developed and used for high energy events. In this work, we address unique challenges associated with the reconstruction of lower energy events in the range of a few to hundreds of GeV and present two separate, state-of-the-art algorithms. One algorithm focuses on the fast directional reconstruction of events based on unscattered light. The second algorithm is a likelihood-based multipurpose reconstruction offering superior resolutions, at the expense of larger computational cost.".
• 01GJFX63CDF47MDJA9T2JYFHDK abstract "We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the postLHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.".
• 01GJFX689CTRSVMTVE19EVK5RA abstract "For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above similar to 50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs.".
• 01GJFX68AEQ8WGYND8S18S9VQF abstract "We report a search for nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) using eight years of TeV-scale atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By reconstructing incident energies and zenith angles for atmospheric neutrino events, this analysis presents unified confidence intervals for the NSI parameter epsilon(mu tau). The best-fit value is consistent with no NSI at a p value of 25.2%. With a 90% confidence interval of -0.0041 <= epsilon(mu tau) <= 0.0031 along the real axis and similar strength in the complex plane, this result is the strongest constraint on any NSI parameter from any oscillation channel to date.".
• 01GJFX68AWN1ANYGMAG54FKMCA abstract "The Surface Enhancement of the IceTop air-shower array will include the addition of radio antennas and scintillator panels, co-located with the existing ice-Cherenkov tanks and covering an area of about 1 km(2). Together, these will increase the sensitivity of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to the electromagnetic and muonic components of cosmic-ray-induced air showers at the South Pole. The inclusion of the radio technique necessitates an expanded set of simulation and analysis tools to explore the radio-frequency emission from air showers in the 70 MHz to 350 MHz band. In this paper we describe the software modules that have been developed to work with time-and frequency-domain information within IceCube's existing software framework, IceTray, which is used by the entire IceCube collaboration. The software includes a method by which air-shower simulation, generated using CoREAS, can be reused via waveform interpolation, thus overcoming a significant computational hurdle in the field.".
• 01GJFZ00GG6VES9BZVSFENSDXK abstract "LTE-eMBMS systems efficiently deliver multicast/broadcast services using Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) technology. In a two-layer LDM system, Layer 1, with higher power allocation delivers mobile services, and Layer 2 in a Single Frequency Network scheme provides local content. The challenge is to reduce the gap in the layers' coverage areas caused by the use of different constellations, and SFN gain for Layer 2. Hence, the precision in the coverage area estimation is crucial for the successful planning and deployment, particularly regarding the SFN gain contribution in Layer 2. For this purpose, a real digital TV broadcasting SFN system was used as a model to design a method based on Machine Learning algorithms, aiming to enhance the coverage area precision for the Layer 2 in eMBMS. The method is able to estimate SFN gain value with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.72 dB and certainty in positive or negative contribution in 93% of the cases.".
• 01GJFZ9MNEQTT338Z8SAN1HH53 abstract "IceCube, a cubic-kilometer array of optical sensors built to detect atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos between 1 GeV and 1 PeV, is deployed 1.45 km to 2.45 km below the surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole. The classification and reconstruction of events from the in-ice detectors play a central role in the analysis of data from IceCube. Reconstructing and classifying events is a challenge due to the irregular detector geometry, inhomogeneous scattering and absorption of light in the ice and, below 100 GeV, the relatively low number of signal photons produced per event. To address this challenge, it is possible to represent IceCube events as point cloud graphs and use a Graph Neural Network (GNN) as the classification and reconstruction method. The GNN is capable of distinguishing neutrino events from cosmic-ray backgrounds, classifying different neutrino event types, and reconstructing the deposited energy, direction and interaction vertex. Based on simulation, we provide a comparison in the 1 GeV–100 GeV energy range to the current state-of-the-art maximum likelihood techniques used in current IceCube analyses, including the effects of known systematic uncertainties. For neutrino event classification, the GNN increases the signal efficiency by 18% at a fixed background rate, compared to current IceCube methods. Alternatively, the GNN offers a reduction of the background (i.e. false positive) rate by over a factor 8 (to below half a percent) at a fixed signal efficiency. For the reconstruction of energy, direction, and interaction vertex, the resolution improves by an average of 13%–20% compared to current maximum likelihood techniques in the energy range of 1 GeV–30 GeV. The GNN, when run on a GPU, is capable of processing IceCube events at a rate nearly double of the median IceCube trigger rate of 2.7 kHz, which opens the possibility of using low energy neutrinos in online searches for transient events.".
• 01GJFZPP6WHZDZQ1E29ZT67TPY abstract "Future wireless communication networks can benefit from Unmanned Aerial Base Stations (UABSs) to provide enhanced capacity to ground users (GU) in large and remote locations. Connecting UABSs to the terrestrial network presents several challenges, such as the limited gain traditional antennas need to maintain suitable wireless links between the core network, UABS, and GU. A convenient solution is to use MaMIMO (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output) since it improves spectral and energy efficiency, thus providing high data rates while reducing power consumption. This paper proposes a Multi-user MIMO (MuMIMO) model for UABS aided networks to increase service range and served capacity. It uses hybrid beamforming and beamsteering on Terrestrial Base Stations (TBSs) and UABSs to grant access to mobile GU in a bicycle race scenario. Results show that using the mobile operators' locations will benefit the backhaul network's performance by duplicating the capacity compared to using a private operator. Furthermore, user coverage increases by 400% if MuMIMO is used, compared to a single beam MaMIMO network. The proposed scenario could achieve a channel efficiency of 6.5 bit/s/Hz in the access network and 8.6 bit/s/Hz in the backhaul network. Finally, the average UABS transmitted power is reduced by 2/3, increasing the number of used beams.".
• 01GJFZSYQ9CK1G2G9NRGJN6RD2 abstract "Natural organic matter (NOM) is present in all surface and ground waters and originates from degradation and by-products of living organisms and plants. NOM can be separated by HPLC-Organic Carbon Detection into five fractions: biopolymers, humic substances, building blocks, low molecular weight acids and low molecular weight neutrals. Water quality is affected by the presence of NOM (fractions) and moreover it can cause several issues during water treatment processes. Therefore, its removal by a variety of technologies is widely studied. Anion exchange resins (AER) can effectively remove a major part of this NOM, but due to its complex nature, the process is still not completely understood and optimized. In this work, the removal of NOM by macroporous styrenic weak (WBA), strong (SBA) and combined weak/strong (W/SBA) base anion exchange resins is studied. The resins were used in two industrial relevant counter ion forms: the OH- or free base form for SBA and WBA resins respectively, using an NaOH conditioning solution as applied in water demineralisation units and a Cl- form using NaCl for SBA resins and HCl for the WBA and W/SBA resins, as seen in drinking water treatment and Dupont’s recently developed weak basic NOM scavenger resins respectively. The effect of this conditioning on the equilibrium pH and driving forces for NOM removal in batch mode experiments using synthetic water containing model compounds for the different NOM fractions was investigated. This study demonstrated that next to AER resin selection, the conditioning procedure is an important parameter to be considered in the design of NOM removal processes, especially when specific NOM fractions are targeted.".

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